GLOBAL SOCIAL MOVEMENTS (POLS2064)
COURSE GUIDE, Semester 2, 2009
DAVID WEST
Second Assignment in lieu of Examination (Use Yellow Cover Sheet for Take-Home Exam)
Please read the following instructions carefully:
1. This assignment must be delivered to the Essay Box outside the School of
Social Sciences Office no later than Friday 30th October 2009 at 4 p.m.
Please remember to use the yellow cover sheet for take-home examinations
to ensure anonymous marking of your assignment. The usual Faculty of Arts penalties
will apply for late assignments - i.e. 2% per (working) day deducted from the
mark (out of 100).
2. Answer two questions only.
3. There is a strict word limit of 800 words (+/- 10%) for each answer
and 1,600 (+/- 10%) in total. You must indicate the exact number of words for
each answer.
4. Do not answer a question on the same topic as your First
Assignment (major essay). Do not repeat material used in your
First Assignment.
5. Do not repeat material within this assignment.
6. Answers should not be in note-form.
7. You should provide references for any quotations or works that you discuss
directly, but otherwise you do not need to provide references for particular
claims and assertions.
8. Where a question refers to old, new, global or contemporary social movements
in general, you are free to restrict your answer to one or several movements.
You should make clear which movement(s) you propose to consider.
9. You are encouraged to argue for a critical perspective, but you should base
your argument on your studies and research for this course.
Questions - Answer TWO Questions Only
1. Discuss one contemporary or recent (i.e. post-1950) social movement. Discuss its main issues, actors or people involved, organisations, and forms of political practice (strategy and tactics).
2. What was the influence of the New Left, 1960s student radicalism and the ‘counter-culture’ on later social movements?
3. Explain the main features of welfare state capitalist society. To what extent can these features explain social movements in western societies?
4. What are the main features of the politics of identity? Discuss and provide examples. Are there any problems with identity politics?
5. Why has the environmental movement been described as post-materialist? What are the advantages and disadvantages of understanding it in this way?
6. In what ways are recent social movements concerned with cultural politics? How does the politics of culture relate to these movements’ concerns with institutional politics, laws and rights, and social and economic issues?
7. What is globalisation? What are the most important dimensions of globalisation and are all these dimensions (a) equally inevitable and (b) equally desirable?
8. Discuss some alternatives to contemporary globalisation advocated by social movements. Do you support any of these alternatives and, if so, why?
9. What is global civil society? What role can global civil society play in the contemporary politics of globalisation?
10. Discuss one theoretical approach to social movements. How does this approach help us to understand social movements? Are there any problems with this theoretical approach?
11. Discuss either (a) the relationship between one contemporary social movement and political parties in Australia or (b) the relationship between one political party and social movements in Australia.
Some Additional
Guidelines for the Second Assignment
Some hard copies of the Second Assignment will also be available from the School of Social Sciences office for students who are unable to download the online version. Completed assignments must be handed in to the School of Social Sciences Essay Box no later than 4pm on Friday 30th October 2009. The usual Faculty of Arts penalties will apply for late assignments - i.e. 2% per (working) day deducted from the mark (out of 100).
1. Don’t answer a question on the same topic as your first assignment.
2. Don’t repeat material used in response to one question in your answer to another question. Think of both of your answers as parts of a single assignment.
3. There will be two questions in the assignment from a choice of about twelve questions – roughly one question for each of the weekly topics of the course.
4. Referencing required is minimal – more like exam conditions. I.e. reference any quotations or important works referred to in your answer. But there is no need to reference each and every claim or detail.
5. Write clearly and concisely. What matters is how many good and clear points you can make, not just having the right number of word.
6. A good answer will include both a lot of relevant points and a good overall structure or organisation of your ideas. Your answers should reflect your reading and what you have learned during the course, not just what you think about a topic or your personal views (avoid ‘I think that…’, ‘In my opinion…’ etc.).
7. The best answers are critical. If you disagree with the assumptions of the question, you are free to argue for an alternative approach. The best answers display both knowledge and independent thought.
8. You must include an accurate/ precise word count. The word limit is 800 words (+/- 10%) per question and 1,600 words (+/- 10%) in total.
EVENTS
'From Little Things, Big Things Grow': The Aboriginal Movement 1920s-1970s. Opens 9 September, Focus Gallery in the First Australians Gallery at the National Museum of Australia.
Go to David West's Home Page .
INTRODUCTION
Second Semester 2009.
Two lectures and one tutorial for 11 weeks.
Lecturer/Tutor: Dr. David West. Tutor: Katie Curchin.
The ‘unofficial’ politics of social movements is crucial in the
current global order. This course concentrates on alter-globalisation, feminist,
lesbian and gay, black, peace and ecological/ environmental/ green social movements
(SMs). But other movements – e.g. of religious fundamentalism and ethnic
nationalism – are also important. What is the relation between these movements
and ‘official’ politics? How do global SMs affect the politics of
nation-states? What role does class play in contemporary SMs? What tactics and
strategies do SMs use to achieve their aims? What, if anything, is new or distinctive
about the politics of contemporary SMs? Some theorists of new and global social
movements will also be discussed, including Foucault, Habermas, Touraine and
Claus Offe. Students will have the opportunity to complete a case study on one
social movement as their main assignment.
LEARNING RESOURCES, PRESCRIBED TEXTS AND READINGS
The text for this unit, which you should buy, is V. Burgmann, Power,
Profit and Protest: Australian Social Movements and Globalisation
(Sydney, Allen and Unwin, 2003).
There will also be a Reading Brick for the course.
Background/ preliminary reading is J.A. Scholte, Globalization: A Critical
Introduction (Basingstoke and New York, Palgrave, 2000).
Other learning resources including Lecture Outlines and web links are available
at http://arts.anu.edu.au/sss/west/gsm.html
PROPOSED ASSESSMENT
One 2,250 word essay (45%) and a second assignment (45%) contributing 90% to
the final mark. In addition 10% of the final mark will be awarded for tutorial
work and attendance (5% for each). Attendance at a minimum of 8 out
of 10 tutorials is a requirement for successful completion of this unit.
Only students who have submitted the first assignment and attended the minimum
number of tutorials will be permitted to submit the second assignment.
MODE OF DELIVERY AND WORKLOAD
The course will be delivered by Two Weekly Lectures (recorded to WebCT) and
One Weekly Tutorial (3 contact hours in total). In addition students should
expect to work outside class time for about 7 hours per week on Tutorial Readings
and the completion of two written assignments (details below).
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After successful completion of this course, students should be able to:
1. Demonstrate knowledge of the intellectual and historical background of the
extra-institutional politics of social movements as contrasted with institutional
forms of politics.
2. Demonstrate general knowledge of anti-corporate globalisation, feminist,
lesbian and gay, black, peace and ecological/ environmental/ green social movements
(SMs) and the political and theoretical issues they raise.
3. Complete research project on one important social movement or related theoretical
or political issue.
GENERIC SKILLS DEVELOPED BY THIS COURSE
This course will develop generic skills in critical thinking, written communication
(writing and reading skills), oral communication (presentation and discussion)
and academic research methods.
Return
to CONTENTS.
LECTURE TIMES
Monday 12.00 pm. HA Tank
Tuesday 2.00 pm. HA Tank
A brief outline of each weekly topic will be available below after Monday’s lecture.
Week One (w/b 20th July)
1. Overview of Course.
2. Introduction. Globalization, Social Movements and Resistance.
Week Two (w/b 27th July)
1-2. What Are Social Movements? Politics Beyond the State.
Week Three (w/b 3rd August)
1-2. Social Movements and the Making of Modern Politics: Nation, State, Capitalism.
Week Four (w/b 10th August)
1-2. ‘New Social Movements’ – Challenging the Boundaries of
Liberal Democracy.
Week Five (w/b 17th August)
1-2. Politics of Culture, Consciousness and Identity. From Black Power to ‘Second
Wave’ Feminism.
Week Six (w/b 24th August)
1-2. Beyond Consumerism and Growth. Social Movements for a Sustainable World.
Week Seven (w/b 31st August)
1. Case Study I. Gay/Lesbian/Queer – The Politics of Sexuality.
2. Case Study II. Green and Environmental Movements.
Week Eight (w/b 7th September)
NO LECTURES OR TUTORIALS – ESSAY WEEK.
Essay Deadline: Thursday 10th September 2009 at 4 p.m.
Week Nine (w/b 14th September)
1-2. Dimensions of Globalisation. Markets, International Governance and Civil
Society.
Week Ten (w/b 21st September)
1-2. Anti-Corporate Globalisation Movements. Aims and Themes.
Mid-Semester Break 26th September – 11th October
Week Eleven (w/b 12th October)
1-2. Global Civil Society. Organisation and Tactics of Global Social Movements.
Week Twelve (w/b 19th October)
1-2. Contemporary Social Movements – An Articulating Framework for the
Future?
Second Assignment questions available on the course website from Friday 23rd October 2009
Week Thirteen (w/b 26th October)
REVISION WEEK: NO LECTURES OR TUTORIALS.
Completed Second Assignment due Friday 30th October 2009 at 4 pm (delivered to the School of Social Sciences essay box)
Return to CONTENTS.
Lecture outlines will normally be posted here immediately after the Monday lecture each week.
The first lecture will provide an overview of the course and an opportunity for questions. There is no outline and no tape for the first lecture.
Week 1. Introduction: Globalisation, Social Movements and Resistance/ ppt
Week 2. What are Social Movements?/ ppt
Week 3. Social Movements and the Making of Modern Politics: Nation, State, Capitalism/ ppt
Week 4. ‘New Social Movements’ – Challenging the Boundaries of Liberal Democracy. / ppt & see additional notes on Claus Offe below.
Week 5. Politics of Culture, Consciousness and Identity. From Black Power to ‘Second Wave’ Feminism/ ppt
Week 6. Beyond Consumerism and Growth. Social Movements for a Sustainable World./ ppt
Week 7A. Case Study I. Gay/Lesbian/Queer – The Politics of Sexuality/ ppt
Week 7B. Case Study II. Green and Environmental Movements/ ppt
Week 8. No Lecture.
Week 9. Dimensions of Globalisation. Markets, International Governance and Civil Society./ ppt
Week 10. Anti-Corporate Globalisation Movements. Aims and Themes./ ppt
Week 11. No Lecture.
Weeks 12-3. Global Civil Society. An Articulating Framework for Global Social Movements./ ppt
Week 4. Additional Notes: Offe on the ‘New’ Politics
1. Response to the problems of the welfare state proposed by the neo-conservative
project or neoliberalism.
(i) In Offe’s words:
… the neo-conservative project seeks to restore the nonpolitical, noncontingent,
and uncontestable foundations of civil society (such as property, the market,
the work ethic, the family, and scientific truth) in order to safeguard a more
restricted – and therefore more solid – sphere of state authority
and no longer “overloaded” political institutions... (p. 820)
(ii) Neo-conservatism, as this quotation implies, involves a dual strategy of
support for traditional non-state institutions and cutting down the scope of
the state’s activities:
a. ‘authoritarian’ support for traditional values, self-discipline,
the family, the work ethic, against unmarried mothers etc.
b. liberal state: a slimmed down state restricted to the maintenance of law
and order and measures necessary for the regulation of an otherwise free market.
(iii) In other words, the minimal state retreats from those tasks which overburden
it financially and resorts to authoritarian reinforcement of the moral underpinnings
of state and economy.
(iv) Thus there is no fundamental contradiction between the ‘libertarian’
and the ‘authoritarian’ components of Thatcherism/ Reaganism/ Howard’s
Liberals etc.
(v) The neoliberal project is currently expressed in the form of ‘neoliberal
globalisation’ which
a. secures neoliberal goals in a transnational way and
b. makes it more difficult for particular nation-states to adopt social democratic
or socialist policies.
2. The old left/ socialist arguments that the welfare state should be defended
or even expanded.
(i) Although working class interests are represented within the system to the
extent that people talk about the incorporation of the working class, the position
of the working class is still a subordinate one. The interests of capital are
still paramount.
(ii) Some elements of the welfare state are used far more by the affluent/ middle
classes than by the poor.
(iii) ‘Dependency’ not result of welfare-induced passivity but inadequacies
of welfare state:
a. failure to tackle unemployment;
b. inadequate benefits don’t allow self-education or women forced to look
after elderly parents/ children etc;
c. poverty trap (losing benefits with part-time income etc).
(iv) Neo-conservative victories of the past decade are appealed to as evidence
that the gains made by the working class were always fragile.
a. no real shift of power to the working class, only appearance of class compromise.
b. gains can be taken away as soon as it suits the ruling class.
c. no solution to underlying problem of exploitation under capitalism.
(v) In effect, these arguments suggest that the working class should seek to
preserve and extend its existing power.
3. The politics of new social movements are understood as a response to the
contradictions of the welfare state.
(i) They are directed at the state rather than exclusively against capitalism.
(ii) They are issues of the consumer, the client, the citizen rather than the
worker or work roles
(iii) I.e. work is no longer the central sociological category (Offe, ‘Work:
The central sociological category’).
(iv) Offe also describes these movements as responding to the problems of modernisation.
The new paradigm is:
defined by its negative defensive struggles against the irrationalities of modernization.
(p. 857).
(v) By contrast, both labour and capital can be understood as partisans of industrialism
and modernity.
(vi) Irrationalities of modernisation include:
a. environmental damage, pollution, disease, degradation of nature etc.
b. dangers of nuclear war, militarisation, industrialisation of death;
c. worsening poverty in developing countries, stark contrast between affluence
and poverty;
d. bureaucratic intrusions on individual autonomy via welfare state;
e. undemocratic reality of western liberal democracies (technocracy, bureaucratisation,
elite power, neo-corporatism);
f. definition of needs by capitalism/ advertising etc.
(vii) In other words, new social movements are not advocating new values but
complaining about the failure of modern societies to realise modern values:
For instance, personal autonomy is by no means a “new” value; what
is new is the doubt that this value will be furthered as a more or less automatic
by-product or covariant of dominant institutions such as property and market
mechanisms, democratic mass politics, the nuclear family, or the institutions
of mass culture and mass communications. (p. 849)
4. Offe’s analysis leads him to envisages the three possible alliances
for the social forces of welfare state capitalism [board]:
(A) Conservative/ old right and labour/ old left (Coalition/ALP)
a. against peripheral groups as scroungers/ undisciplined;
b. for repression and technocratic solutions;
c. as defense of existing order of welfare state capitalism.
(B) New social movements – esp. old middle class segments – and
conservative/ old right:
a. market implemented conservationism;
b. ‘neo-populist’ feminism (Bronwyn Bishop/ Margaret Thatcher?),
c. moralism, community and self-help.
(C) New social movements – esp. new middle class segments – and
labour/ old left (Greens, Democrats) as alliance favoured by Offe:
a. selective/ sustainable/ qualitative rather than quantitative growth;
b. protection of vulnerable workers/ unemployed;
c. critical attitude to technology/ modernisation/ industrialisation;
d. unilateral disarmament;
e. new accounting scheme for productivity;
f. social pacifism and co-operation;
g. women’s equality and gay/ ethnic/ minority religious rights
(iv) Offe’s favoured third alliance seems to imply something like the
politics of the more pragmatic wing of the German Green Party in alliance with
reformed social democracy. Or perhaps a Green Party with stronger commitments
to workers.
TUTORIAL PROGRAMME
• • You can sign up for Tutorials using the Faculty of Arts Tutorial
Signup system from Week One of Second Semester. Go to http://arts.anu.edu.au/tutorials/.
Please note that you can only access the system via an ANU computer.
• Tutorials are an essential component of the course. They provide an
opportunity to discuss ideas and raise questions related to each week’s
topic and associated readings. Accordingly, 10% of the overall assessment is
based on tutorial work and attendance. N. B. Attendance at a minimum of 8 out
of 10 tutorials is a requirement for successful completion of this course.
• You will need to purchase both the text for this course, V. Burgmann,
Power, Profit and Protest (Allen & Unwin, 2003), and the Reading Brick.
Essential readings for each week’s tutorial are marked ‘*’
below. Readings not in the main text can be found in the Additional Readings.
Suggestions for further reading are also included below, but they are not required
reading for Tutorials.
• Questions for Tutorial discussion are also included below. But you should
also come to the Tutorial with questions of your own arising from either your
reading or the lectures for the course.
Week One (w/b 20th July)
No Tutorials. Reading Brick and Textbook available.
Week Two (w/b 27th July)
Overview of the Course. General questions about the course content and structure,
assessment, organisation of tutorials etc.
Introduction. Globalization, Social Movements and Resistance. Which social movements
play the most important role in contemporary Australian politics? Are these
movements ‘progressive’, ‘radical’, ‘reactionary’
or ‘conservative’? What issues are raised by the Australian Aboriginal
movement?
*V. Burgmann, Power, Profit and Protest, Ch. 2, ‘The Aboriginal Movement’.
Week Three (w/b 3rd August)
What Are Social Movements? Politics Beyond the State. What are social movements?
What is their relationship to the formal, institutionalised politics of government,
elections and voters? What is the ‘problem of collective action’?
How can social movements help to solve this problem?
*V. Burgmann, Power, Profit and Protest, Ch. 1, ‘Social movements and
social change’, pp. 1-43.
D. Della Porta & M. Diani, Social Movements: An Introduction (Blackwell,
UK and USA, 1999), Ch. 1, ‘The Study of Social Movements’ (more
theoretical perspective).
J. Pakulski, Social Movements, Introduction, pp. xi-xxi.
P. Wilkinson, Social Movement, Ch. 1, pp. 11-32.
Week Four (w/b 10th August)
Social Movements and the Making of Modern Politics: Nation, State, Capitalism.
What are some important examples of historical or so-called ‘old’
social movements? How did 19th and 20th century working-class and women’s
movements change our societies and political institutions? What is the difference
between ‘reformist’ and ‘revolutionary’ socialism? Are
these similar contrasts in the political strategies of social movements today?
*A. Heywood, Political Ideologies: An Introduction, Ch. 4, ‘Socialism’.
V. I. Lenin, What is to be done? (Peking, Foreign Languages Press, 1975), pp.
96-116.
E. Bernstein, Evolutionary Socialism (Schocken, New York, 1961), Ch. 3, pp.
95-165.
R. Luxemburg, ‘Social Reform or Revolution’ in Selected Political
Writing, ed. R. Looker (London, Cape, 1972), pp. 52-134.
Week Five (w/b 17th August)
‘New Social Movements’ – Challenging the Boundaries of Liberal
Democracy. What is meant by the term ‘new politics’? Which movements
are referred to as ‘new social movements’ (NSMs)? What is new or
distinctive about the politics of these movements? What is the relationship
between NSMs and the politics of class associated with socialism? How does the
politics of NSMs relate to the students movements, anti-Vietnam movement and
the counter-culture of the 1960s?
*R. J. Dalton, M. Kuechler & W. Bürklin, ‘The Challenge of New
Movements’ in Dalton & Kuechler, Challenging the Political Order,
pp. 3-16.
*D. West, ‘New Social Movements’ in G. F. Gaus & C. Kukathas,
eds Handbook of Political Theory (Sage, London & Thousand Oaks, 2004) Ch.
20, pp. 265-76.
C. Offe, ‘New Social Movements: Challenging the boundaries of institutional
politics’ in Social Research, v. 52, no. 4, 1985, pp. 817-868.
Week Six (w/b 24th August)
Politics of Culture, Consciousness and Identity. From Black Power to ‘Second
Wave’ Feminism. What is the politics of culture, consciousness and identity?
What role did culture, consciousness and identity play in the US Black Civil
Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s? What is the role of ‘consciousness
raising’ and identity in ‘second wave’ feminism? What role
do cultural issues, pride and identity play in the Aboriginal movement today?
*V. Burgmann, Power, Profit and Protest: Australian Social Movements and Globalisation,
Ch. 3, ‘The Women’s Movement’, pp. 98-164.
D. Della Porta & M. Diani, Social Movements: An Introduction, Ch. 4, pp.
83-109.
H. Eisenstein, Contemporary Feminist Thought, Ch. 4 & 14.
A. Koedt et al, ‘Feminist Manifestos’ in Radical Feminism, pp. 365-387.
Week Seven (w/b 31st August)
Beyond Consumerism and Growth. Social Movements for a Sustainable World. Is
all politics based on self-interest or are some political movements essentially
altruistic? Why are some contemporary movements described as universalist? What
are the implications of the term ‘post-materialism’? Do anti- or
post-materialist values play an important role in contemporary social movements?
Do you regard your own political concerns as selfish or altruistic, as materialist
or anti-materialist?
* A. Dobson, Green Political Thought, Chapter 1.
* R. B. J. Walker & S. H. Mendlovitz, ‘Peace, Politics and Contemporary
Social Movements’ in Towards a Just World Peace, pp. 3-12.
R. Inglehart, The Silent Revolution, Ch. 10, ‘The Post-Materialist Phenomenon’,
pp. 262-90.
Week Eight (w/b 7th September)
NO LECTURES OR TUTORIALS – ESSAY WEEK.
Essay Deadline: Thursday 10th September 2009 at 4 p.m.
Week Nine (w/b 14th September)
Case Studies: Contrasting Gay/Lesbian/Queer vs. Environmental Movements. What
is new about gay/lesbian/queer politics? What role do ‘consciousness’,
‘coming out’ and ‘pride’ play in the politics of sexuality?
What is the role of language? What are the main issues in environmental/ ecological
movements? Whose interests do environmental activists represent? What are the
prospects for green movements and parties?
*A. Jagose, Queer Theory, Ch. 4, pp. 30-43.
*V. Burgmann, Power, Profit and Protest, Ch. 4, ‘The Green Movement’,
pp. 165-241.
V. Burgmann, Power and Protest: Movements for Change in Australian Society (Allen
& Unwin, 1993), Ch. 3, ‘Out and Proudly Out’: the lesbian and
gay movements’, pp. 138-86.
Week Ten (w/b 21st September)
Dimensions of Globalisation. Markets, Governance, Culture and Civil Society.
What are the different dimensions of globalisation? How does technology affect
globalisation? What is ‘neoliberal’ globalisation? How does globalisation
affect the institutionalised politics of nation-states? What is meant by ‘global
civil society’? Which of the various dimensions of globalisation should
be regarded as inevitable?
*J. A. Scholte, Globalization: A Critical Introduction, Ch. 1, pp. 13-40.
*A. Starr, Naming the Enemy: Anti-corporate Movements Confront Globalization,
Introduction, pp. vii-xii.
J. A. Scholte, Globalization: A Critical Introduction, Part II, Chs 5-8.
A. Colas, International Civil Society, Ch. 2.
J. Habermas, The Post-National Constellation, Ch. 4, pp. 58-112.
Mid-Semester Break 26th September – 11th October
Week Eleven (w/b 12th October)
Anti-Corporate Globalisation Movements. Aims and Themes. How does globalisation
affect social movements and their activities? Are all ‘anti-globalisation’
movements opposed to all forms of globalisation? Why do some people talk about
alter-globalisation movements? What are the alternatives to neoliberal globalisation
considered by Scholte? What form of globalisation do you support and why?
*V. Burgmann, Power, Profit and Protest, Ch. 5, ‘Anti-capitalism and anti-corporate
globalisation’, pp. 242-326.
J. A. Scholte, Globalization: A Critical Introduction, Ch. 12, pp. 283-314.
R. Cohen, & S. M. Rai, Global Social Movements, Ch. 1, pp. 1-17.
Keane, J. Global Civil Society,
Week Twelve (w/b 19th October)
Global Civil Society. Organisation and Tactics. What (if anything) is different
about global social movements? What forms of organisation do they employ? What
forms of political strategy and tactics do they use? What is meant by the term
‘global civil society’? What is the future of social movements in
‘global civil society’?
*Canadian Security Intelligence Service, ‘Anti-Globalization: A Spreading
Phenomenon’ (http://www.redandgreen.org/Information/200008e.html)
*D. McNally, Another World is Possible, pp. 13-27.
A. Starr, Naming the Enemy: Anti-corporate Movements Confront Globalization,
Chs 2-4.
N. Klein, No Logo, Part IV, Chs 12-18.
A. Colas, International Civil Society, Ch. 3.
Second Assignment questions available on the course website from Friday 23rd October 2009
Week Thirteen (w/b 26th October)
NO LECTURES OR TUTORIALS – REVISION WEEK.
Completed Second Assignment due Friday 30th October 2009 at 4 pm (delivered to the School of Social Sciences essay box)
Return to CONTENTS.
MAIN ESSAY (45% OF FINAL MARK)
• Choose a topic from the list below, then make up your own title for
this topic. If you wish to write on a different topic that is still relevant
to the course, you should discuss your proposed essay title with your tutor
in advance.
• Essays should aim to be concise, clearly expressed and logically structured.
It is important that you draw on a reasonable range of academic sources. Do
not reference sources that you do not use.
• Wherever possible you should reference scholarly, published sources
(books and articles) rather than internet websites and please note that you
must include detailed references including pages numbers wherever possible!
• Essays should have footnotes or end-notes and a list of references that
you have actually consulted in writing the essay. You must provide full bibliographical
details – including author, title, date, journal or publisher, location
and, wherever appropriate, page numbers – in a clear and consistent way.
For Guidelines see the Political Science Essay Writing Guide at http://arts.anu.edu.au/sss/POLSEssayGuide.pdf
• Essays should be produced on a word processor and submitted in hard
copy. You may be asked to submit an electronic copy of your essay as well. Your
essay should be around 2,250 words in length (+/- 10%). Essays that are substantially
shorter or longer will be penalised – CASS policy is that an essay that
is more than 10% over length will be penalised by 10% of the mark. You must
include an accurate word-count on the cover sheet for your essay – use
the Word Count function on your word processor (usually under Tools).
ESSAY TOPICS
1. Discuss one global social movement. What are the main features of the movement including its typical actors, ideology, demands, forms of organisation, strategies and tactics. Consider the movement’s successes, failures and future prospects.
2. Discuss one new social movement. What are the main features of the movement including its typical actors, ideology, demands, forms of organisation, strategies and tactics. Consider the movement’s successes, failures and future prospects.
3. Discuss one third world or developing-country social movement. What are the main features of the movement including its typical actors, ideology, demands, forms of organisation, strategies and tactics. Consider the movement’s successes, failures and future prospects.
4. Discuss the relationship between one social movement and existing political parties in Australia.
5. Discuss the relationship between one political party and social movements in Australia .
6. Discuss and critically assess one theoretical approach to the explanation of social movements.
ESSAY DEADLINE: Your essay must be delivered to the Essay Box
outside the main School of Social Sciences Office by the due deadline (see Lecture
Programme). It is School policy that once essays on a particular topic have
been returned to students, no further essays on that topic will be accepted.
PENALTIES - In fairness to students who meet the essay deadline, there will be a penalty of 2% per day on all essays submitted after the due date or approved extension. The penalty is two percentage points subtracted from the assessed mark for the essay for each calendar working day (or part thereof) by which the essay is overdue.
PLAGIARISM - Your attention is drawn to CASS policies on plagiarism. Plagiarised essays will be seriously penalised and may be given a mark of zero.
EXTENSIONS
Requests for an extension must be made before the deadline. Extensions may be
granted on medical or other reasonable grounds. Please read the guidelines on
extensions set out below. If you are seeking an extension of the essay deadline,
your should discuss your request with your Tutor. Please let your Tutor know
as soon as possible, if you are experiencing any problems that may affect your
assignment. Please note the following:
1. Medical reasons – requests for an extension must be supported by a
medical certificate.
2. Personal problems – requests for an extension must be supported by
some documentation (e.g. letter from your doctor, college tutor, parent or other
appropriate individual). If you have been seeing a counsellor from the University
Counselling Service, s/he may be able to write a letter in support of your request
– but please note that you should not see a counsellor solely in order
to obtain such a letter.
3. Clash of essay deadlines – an extension will not be granted on the
basis of a clash of essay deadlines.
4. Outside employment – an extension will be granted only for exceptional
and/or additional work commitments. Requests for an extension must be supported
by a letter from your employer.
5. Participation in sporting events – requests for an extension must be
supported by a letter from the appropriate sporting body.
Return to CONTENTS.
TAKE-HOME EXAMINATION (45% OF FINAL MARK)
The Take-Home Examination will consist of two questions, which must be on a different topic from that of your Main Essay (First Assignment). There will be a word limit of 800 words per question and 1600 words in total (+/- 10%). In accordance with CASS policies, a penalty of 10% will apply to scripts that are more than 10% in excess of the word limit for this assignment (1600 words). The questions for the Second Assignment will be available from Friday 23rd October 2009 and completed scripts must be handed in to the School of Social Sciences Essay Box no later than Friday 30th October 2009 at 4 pm.
Questions for the Second Assignment will be posted here from Friday 23rd October 2009
Guidelines for the Second Assignment
1. A good answer will include both a lot of relevant points and a good overall structure or organisation of ideas. You should provide arguments rather than just express personal opinions. Your answers should reflect your reading and what you have learned in the course, not just what you think about a topic or your personal views (avoid ‘I think that…’ etc.).
2. The best answers will also be critical and/or consider alternative approaches. If you disagree with the assumptions of the question, you are free to say so and present your own argument.
3. The best answers will thus display both knowledge and independent thought – either on its own is not enough!
4. Write clearly and concisely. What matters is how many good and clear points you make.
The following list covers most of the major topics of this course and supplements the weekly tutorial readings. It is not, however, intended to be either definitive or exhaustive. When researching your essay, should also use the various resources of the University Library, including catalogue, databases and library advisers. Where appropriate, you can also make use of the worldwide web (see links on course web-site). However, wherever possible you should reference scholarly, published sources (books and articles) rather than websites AND INCLUDE PAGE NUMBERS!
Globalisation and Global Social Movements
‘Anti-Globalization: A Spreading Phenomenon’, Canadian Security
Intelligence Service, (http://www.csis-scrs.gc.ca/eng/miscdocs/200008_e.html).
Archibugi, D. & Held D., eds (1995) Cosmopolitan Democracy: An agenda for
a new world order (Cambridge, MA: Polity Press).
Archibugi, D., Held D. & Köhler, M. (1998) Re-Imagining Political Community:
Studies in cosmopolitan democracy (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press).
Arrighi, G., Hopkins, T. K. & Wallerstein, I. (1989) Antisystemic Movements
(London and New York: Verso).
Barber, Benjamin R. (1995) Jihad vs. McWorld (New York: Random House)
Barnet, R. (1994) Global Dreams: Imperial Corporations (New York: Simon &
Schuster).
Bleiker, R. (2000) Popular Dissent and Global Politics (Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge).
Brecher, J., Childs, J. B. & Cutler, J., eds (1993) Global Visions: Beyond
the New World Order (Boston: South End Press).
Brecher, J. & Costello, T. (1998) Global Village or Global Pillage: Economic
reconstruction from the bottom up (South End Press, Cambridge, MA), 2nd Edition.
Brecher, J., Costello, T. and Smith, B. (2000) Globalization from Below: The
power of solidarity (Boston: South End Press).
Bull, H. & Watson, A. (1984) The Expansion of International Society (Oxford:
Oxford University Press).
Burgmann, V. (2003) Power, Profit and Protest: Australian social movements and
globalisation (Allen & Unwin, NSW).
Castells, Manuell (1996-7) The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture
(Oxford, Blackwell), Vol. 1 The rise of the network society, Vol. 2 The power
of identity.
Chay, J., ed. (1989) Culture and International Relations (New York: Praeger).
Clark, J. (2003) Globalizing Civic Engagement: Civil Society and Transnational
Action (Earthscan).
Cohen, R. and Rai, S., eds (2000) Global Social Movements (Athlone Press, London).
Colas, Alejandro (2002) International Civil Society: Social movements in world
politics (Malden, MA : Polity Press/Blackwell Publishers).
Commission on Global Governance (1995) Our Global Neighbourhood (Oxford: Oxford
University Press).
Danaher, K. & Burbach, R., eds (2000) Globalize This! The battle against
the World Trade Organization and Corporate Rule (Monroe, Maine: Common Courage
Press).
Della Porta, D, ed. (2008) The Global Justice Movement: Cross-National and Transnational
Perspectives (Paradigm).
Della Porta, D., Kriesi, H. & Rucht, D., eds (1999) Social Movements in
a Globalizing World (New York: St. Martin's Press).
Edwards, M. & Gaventa, J., eds (2001) Global Citizen Action (Lynne Rienner,
Boulder, CO).
Ekins, Paul (1992) A New World Order: Grassroots movements for global change
(London and New York: Routledge).
Eschle, C. (2001) Global Democracy, Social Movements, and Feminism (Westview
Press, Boulder, Co.).
Falk, R. (1995) On Humane Governance: Toward a new global politics (Cambridge:
Polity).
Featherstone, M., ed. (1990) Global Culture: Nationalism, Globalisation and
Modernity (London: Sage).
Galtung, J. (1980) The True Worlds: A transnational perspective (New York: Free
Press).
Germain, R. & Kenny, M., eds (2006) The Idea of Global Civil Society (Routledge,
London & New York).
Ghils, P. (1990) ‘International civil society: international non-governmental
organizations in the international system’, International Social Science
Journal, 44, 133, August, pp. 417-29.
Gills, B., ed. (2000) Globalization and the Politics of Resistance (London:
Macmillan).
Goodman, James, ed. (2002) Protest and Globalisation: Prospects for transnational
solidarity (Annandale, NSW: Pluto Press Australia).
Gordenker, L. & Weiss, T. G., eds (1996) NGOs, the United Nations and Global
Governance (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner).
Habermas, J. (2001) The Post-National Constellation: Political essays (Cambridge:
Polity Press).
Hall, S., Held, D. & McGrew, T., eds (1992) Modernity and its Futures (Cambridge:
Polity Press).
Halliday, F. (1988) ‘Three concepts of internationalism’, International
Affairs, 64, 2, pp. 187-97.
Hamel, Pierre, et al, eds (2001) Globalization and social movements (New York:
Palgrave).
Hardt, M. & Negri, A. (2000) Empire (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
Held, D. (1995) Democracy and the Global Order (Polity Press, Cambridge).
Held, D. (1995) Cosmopolitan Governance (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press).
Held, D., McGrew A., Goldblatt, D & Perraton, J. (1999) Global Transformations:
Politics, economics and culture (Stanford, CA.: Stanford University Press).
Held, D. & McGrew, A. (2000) The Global Transformations Reader: An introduction
to the globalization debate (Cambridge, UK & Malden, Mass.: Polity Press).
Hirst, P. & Thompson, G. (1995) Globalization in Question (Cambridge: Polity).
Keck, M. E. & Sikkink, K. (1998) Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy networks
in international politics (Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP).
Keohane, Robert & Nye, Joseph, eds, (1970) Transnational Relations and World
Politics (Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA, & London)
Kegley, C. W. & Wittkopf, E. R. (2001) World Politics: Trend and Transformation
(Bedford/ St. Martin’s, Boston & New York).
Keyman, E. Fuat (1997) Globalization, State, Identity/Difference: Towards a
critical social theory of international relations (Humanities Press, New Jersey)
Klein, N. (2000) No Logo (London: Flamingo).
Lechner, F. J. & Boli, J., eds (2000) The Globalization Reader (Blackwell,
Oxford and Malden, MA).
Lemert, C., ed. (1991) International and Politics: Social theory in a changing
world (London: Sage).
Lipschutz, R.D. (1992) ‘Reconstructing world politics: the emergence of
global civil society’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 21,
3, pp. 389-420.
McBride, S. & Wiseman, J., eds (2000) Globalisation and its Discontents
(Macmillan, Basingstoke).
Melucci, A. (1996) Challenging Codes: Collective action in the information age
(CUP: Cambridge).
Mendlowitz, S. H. Walker, R. B. J., eds (1987) Towards a Just World Peace: Perspectives
from social movements (Butterworth, Boston & London).
Murphy, Craig N. (1994) International Organization and Industrial Change: Global
governance since 1950 (Cambridge: Polity).
Murphy, Craig N., ed. (2002) Egalitarian politics in the age of globalization
(Basingstoke & New York: Palgrave, 2002).
O’Brien, R. O. et al. (2000) Contesting Global Governance: Multilateral
economic institutions and global social movements (Cambridge, UK & New York:
Cambridge University Press).
Paolini, A. J., Jarvis, A. P. & Reus-Smit, C. (1998) Between Sovereignty
and Global Governance: The United Nations, the state and civil society (Basingstoke:
Macmillan).
Ray, Larry J. (1993) Rethinking Critical Theory: Emancipation in the age of
global social movements (London ; Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications).
Rosenberg, J. (1994) The Empire of Civil Society: A critique of the realist
theory of international relations (London: Verso).
Rucht, Dieter (1999) ‘The Transnationalization of Social Movements: Trends,
causes, problems’ in Della Porta, D., Kriesi, H. & Rucht, D., eds
(1999) Social Movements in a Globalizing World (New York: St. Martin's Press).
Rupert, Mark (2000) Ideologies of Globalization (Routledge, London and New York).
Sassen, Saskia (1996) Losing Control? Sovereignty in an Age of Globalization
(New York: Columbia University Press).
Scholte, J. A. (1993) International Relations of Social change (Buckingham:
Open University Press).
Scholte, J. A. (2000) Globalization: A Critical Introduction (Macmillan, Basingstoke
& St. Martin’s Press, New York, 2000).
Shaw, M. (1994) ‘Civil society and global politics: beyond a social movements
approach’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 23, 3, pp. 647-67.
Smith, J., ed. (2008) Global Democracy and the World Social Forums (Paradigm).
Smith, J., Chatfield, C. & Pagnucc, R. eds. (1997) Transnational Social
Movements and Global Politics: Solidarity Beyond the State (Syracuse University
Press, Syracuse).
Press).Smith, M. P. & Guarnizo, L. E., eds (1998) Transnationalism from
Below (Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers)
Starr, Amory (2000) Naming the Enemy: Anti-corporate movements confront globalization
(Annandale, NSW: Pluto Press).
Tarrow, Sidney G. (1994) Power in Movement: Social movements, collective action
and politics (Cambridge, CUP).
Tarrow, Sidney G. (2000) Transnational Contention (San Domenico di Fiesole,
Italy: European University Institute/Robert Schumann Centre).
Tomlinson, John (1999) Globalization and Culture (Polity Press, Cambridge
Touraine, A. (2001) Beyond Neoliberalism (Polity Press, Cambridge), trans. D.
Macey.
Walker, R. B. J., ed. (1984) Culture, Ideology, and World Order (Boulder: Westview
Press).
Walker, R B J (1988) One World, Many Worlds: Struggles for a just world peace
(L. Rienner, Boulder & Zed Books, London, 1988). .
Walker, R. B. J. (1993) Inside/outside : international relations as political
theory (Cambridge & New York, Cambridge University Press).
Walker, R.B.J. (1994) ‘Social movements/ world politics’, Millennium:
Journal of International Studies, 23, 3 (Winter), pp. 669-700.
Walker, R.B.J. & Mendlovitz, S. H., eds (1990) Contending Sovereignties:
Redefining political community (Boulder: L. Rienner Publishers).
Wapner, P. (1996) Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics (Albany, NY:
SUNY Press).
Waterman, P. (2001) Globalization, Social Movements and the New Internationalisms
(London and New York: Continuum).
Woods, N., ed. (2000) The Political Economy of Globalization (Basingstoke: Macmillan).
Old and New Social Movements
Aboriginal/ Black/ Anti-Racist/ Ethnic Movements
Allen, R. L. (1969) Black Awakening in Capitalist America (New York: Doubleday).
Barbour, F. B. ed. (1968) The Black Power Revolt (Boston, MA: Collier-Macmillan).
Barth, F (1969) Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The social Organization of Cultural
Differences.
Berndt, RM, ed. (1977) Aborigines and Change: Australia in the 70s.
Baldwin, J (1963) The Fire Next Time.
Back, L. & Solomos, J. eds (2000) Theories of Race and Racism: A reader
(London and New York: Routledge).
*Burgmann, V. (1993) Power and Protest: Movements for change in Australian Society,
chapter 1.
Carmichael, S & C V Hamilton, Black Power.
Fanon, F (1963) The Wretched of the Earth.
Fanon, F (1976) ‘Racism and culture’ in Racial Conflict, Discrimination
and Power: Historical and Contemporary Studies, ed. W Barclay et al.
Gilbert, K (1973) Because a White Man’ll Never Do It.
Glazer, N et a. (1976) Ethnicity: Theory and Experience.
Howard, M.C., ed., (1982) Aboriginal Power in Australian Society.
Howard, M, ed., (1989) Ethnicity and Nation-building in the South Pacific.
McGuiness, S B (1972) ‘Black Power in Australia’ in Racism: The
Australian Experience, ed. F S Stevens, v. 2.
McQueen, H (1974) Aborigines, Race and Racism.
Rowley, CD (1971) Outcasts in White Australia.
Sykes, R B (1989) Black Majority.
Wagstaff, T. (1969) Black Power: The radical response to white America (Toronto:
Collier-Macmillan).
Alternative Life-Style Movements
Altman, D (1980) Rehearsals for Change: Politics and culture in Australia.
Bennett, J W (1975) ‘Communes and communitarianism’, Theory and
Society, 2, no. 1.
Cock, P (1979) Alternative Australia.
Cock, P (1985) ‘Sustaining alternative culture: the drift towards rural
suburbia’, Social Alternatives, 4 (4).
Manuel, F (1969) ‘Towards a Psychological History of Utopias’ in
B McLaughlin, ed., Studies in Social Movements (New York, Free Press).
Metcalf, W et al. (1987) Social Characteristics of Alternative Lifestyle Participants
in Australia (Brisbane: Institute of Applied Environmental Research).
Sommerlad, E et al. (1985) Rural Land Sharing Communities: An alternative economic
model (Canberra: Australian Govt Publishing Service).
Taylor, A (1981) Retreat or Advance: New settlers and alternative lifestyles
in the rainbow region (Armidale: University of New England).
Gay/ Lesbian/ Queer
Adam, Barry D. (1995) The Rise of a Gay and Lesbian Movement (Twayne, Simon
& Schuster/Macmillan, New York) (international; up-to-date)
Aldrich, R. (1993) Gay Perspectives II: More essays in Australian gay culture
(Dept. Economic History, University of Sydney).
Altman, D (1971) Homosexual Oppression and Liberation.
Altman, D (1986) AIDS and the New Puritanism.
Altman, D et al. (1989A) Homosexuality, Which Homosexuality?
Altman, D (1989B) ‘The emergence of gay identity in the USA and Australia’
in Jennett & Stewart, Politics of the Future.
Ballard, J (1989) ‘The Politics of AIDS’ in H Gardner, ed., The
Politics of Health: The Australian Experience.
Blasius, Mark & Phelan, Shane (1997) We Are Everywhere: A historical sourcebook
of gay and lesbian politics (Routledge, London and New York).
Boughner, T (1988) Out of all time: A gay and lesbian history.
Bronski, M (1984) Culture Clash: The making of a gay sensibility.
*Burgmann, V. (1993) Power and Protest: Movements for change in Australian Society,
Ch. 3.
Butler, Judith, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (Routledge,
London and New York, 1990).
Carter, E & S Watney (1989) Taking Liberties: AIDS and cultural politics.
Cruickshank, Margaret (1992) The Gay and Lesbian Movement (Routledge, London).
D’Emilio, J (1983) Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The making of
a homosexual minority in the United States, 1940-1970 (Chicago: Chicago University
Press).
D’Emilio, J. & Freedman, E. B. (1988) Intimate Matters: A history
of sexuality in America (New York: Harper & Row).
D’Emilio, J. (1992) Making Trouble: Essays on gay history, politics, and
the university (New York, Routledge).
Dowsett, G W (1990) ‘Reaching men who have sex with men in Australia:
an overview of AIDS education’, Aus J of Social Issues, 26.
Dynes, Wayne R Homosexuality: A research guide.
Eisenstein, Hester Contemporary Feminist Thought.
Epstein, S (1987) ‘Gay politics...’ in Socialist Review, 93/94.
Ferguson, Ann et al. ‘On “Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian
Existence”: Defining the issues’ in N.O. Keohane et al., eds, Feminist
Theory: A Critique of Ideology, 1982.
Fernbach, D (1981) The Spiral Path.
Frye, Marilyn ‘Lesbian Feminism and the Gay Rights Movement’, in
The Politics of Reality: Essays in feminist theory, 1983.
Gay Left Collective, eds.(1980) Homosexuality: Power and Politics.
Kirk, David L. & Bayer, R. (1992) AIDS in the Industrialized Democracies
(Rutgers UP, New Brunswick).
Greenberg, D (1988) The Construction of Homosexuality.
Halperin, David M., A Hundred Years of Homosexuality, and other essays on Greek
love (Routledge, New York and London, 1990).
Halperin, David M., Saint Foucault: Towards a gay hagiography (Oxford University
Press, Oxford and New York, 1995).
Healey, Emma & Mason, Angela (1994) Stonewall 25: The Making of the Lesbian
and Gay Community in Britain (Virago, London).
Jagose, Annamarie (1996) Queer Theory (Melbourne University Press).
Koedt, Anne ‘Lesbianism and Feminism’ in A. Koedt et al., eds, Radical
Feminism, 1973.
McCaffrey, ed. The Homosexual Dialectic.
Mieli, M (1980) Homosexuality and Liberation.
Mohr, Richard D. (1992) Gay Ideas: Outing and other controversies (Beacon Press,
Boston).
Reynolds, Robert (2002) From Camp to Queer: Re-making the Australian Homosexual
(Melbourne University Press, Melbourne).
Rich, Adrienne ‘Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence’,
in Signs, 5, no. 4, 1980.
Robinson, PA The Sexual Radicals.
Sontag, S (1989) AIDS and its Metaphors.
James D. Steakley: The Homosexual Emancipation Movement in Germany (Salem, NH,
1975).
Thompson, D (1985) Flaws in the Social Fabric (re. Australia).
Walter, A Coming Out.
Weeks, J (1977) Coming Out (Quartet Books).
Wotherspoon, G (1991) City of the Plain: History of a Gay Sub-Culture (Sydney).
Green/ Ecological Movements
Altman, D (1980) Rehearsals for Change: Politics and Culture in Australia.
Anderson, V. (1991) Alternative Economic Indicators (London).
Bahro, R. (1982) Socialism and Survival (Heretic Books, London).
Bonyhady, Tim (1993) Places Worth Keeping: Environmental politics and law in
Australia (Allen & Unwin, Australia) (esp. environmental law)
Bramwell, A (1989) Ecology in the 20th Century.
Brown, B. & Singer, P. Green Politics.
*Burgmann, V. (1993) Power and Protest: Movements for change in Australian Society,
Ch. 4.
Christoff, P (1987) ‘A long draught shared? The environment movement and
strategies for change in the 80s’, Social Alternatives, 6 (4).(re Australia)
Cotgrove, S (1982) Catastrophe or Cornucopia.
Cotgrove, S & Duff, A (1980) ‘Environmentalism, middle class radicalism
and politics’, Sociological Review, 28, 2.
Dobson, A. (1990) Green Political Thought: An Introduction (New York, Routledge).
Frankel, B (1987) The Post-Industrial Utopians.
Galtung J (1986) ‘The green movement: a socio-historical exploration’,
Int Sociol, v. 1, no. 1.
Gordon, R, ed., (1970) The Australian New Left.
Hayward, Tim (1995) Ecological Thought: An Introduction (Polity Press, Cambridge).
Hülsberg, W (1985) ‘The Greens at the Crossroads’, New Left
Review, 152.
Hülsberg, W (1987) ‘After the West German elections’, New Left
Review, 154.
Hülsberg, W (1988) The German Greens.
Hutton, D, ed., (1987) Green Politics in Australia.
Milbrath, L (1984) Environmentalists: Vanguard for a New Society.
Müller-Rommel, F (1985A) ‘The Greens in Western Europe’, Int
Pol Sci Rev, v. 6, no. 4.
Müller-Rommel, F (1985B) ‘Social movements and the Greens: new internal
politics in Germany’, European J of Political Res, 13.
Müller-Rommel, F (1985C) ‘New social movements and political parties’,
West European Politics, 8.
Müller-Rommel, F & Poguntke, T, eds (1995) New Politics (Dartmouth
Publishing Co., Aldershot) (useful collection of articles).
Newell, P. (2000) ‘Environmental NGOs and globalization: The governance
of TNCs’ in R. Cohen & S. M. Rai, Global Social Movements (Athlone
Press, London & New Brunswick, NJ).
Paehlke, RC (1989) Environmentalism and the Future of Progressive Politics (Yale
UP).
Papadakis, E (1984) The Green Movement in West Germany.
Papadakis, E (1986) ‘The Green alternative: interpretations of social
protest and political action in West Germany’, Aus J of Politics and History,
v. 32, no. 4.
Papadakis, E (1989) ‘Struggles for social change...’ in Jennett
& Stewart, Politics of the Future.
Papadakis, E (1993) Politics and the Environment: The Australian experience
(Allen & Unwin, Australia).
Poguntke, T (1986) ‘New Politics and Party Systems: the emergence of a
new type of party?’, West European Politics, v. 10, no. 1, 1986.
Poguntke, T (1987) ‘The organization of a participating party - the German
Greens’, European J of Political Res, 15.
Quigley, P. ‘Rethinking Resistance: Environmentalism, Literature, and
Poststructural Theory’ in Environmental Ethics, 14, Winter 1992, pp. 291-306.
Roddewig, R (1978) Green Bans (re. Australia).
Rüdig W et al. (1986) ‘The withered “greening” of British
Politics: a study of the Ecology Party’, Political Studies, v. 34, no.
2.
Trainer, F. E. (1985) Abandon Affluence! (London).
Wolf, F-O (1986) ‘Eco-socialist transition on the threshold of the 21st
century’, New Left Review, 158.
Yearley, S. & Forrester, J. (2000) ‘Shell, a sure target for global
environmental campaigning’ in R. Cohen & S. M. Rai, Global Social
Movements (Athlone Press, London & New Brunswick, NJ).
Labour/ Working Class Movements/ Labour internationalism
Abendroth, W. (1972) A Short History of the European Working Class (London:
NLB).
Aswin, Sarah (2000) ‘International labour solidarity after the Cold War’
in R. Cohen & S. M. Rai, Global Social Movements (Athlone Press, London
& New Brunswick, NJ).
Bernstein, E. (1961) Evolutionary Socialism: A criticism and affirmation (New
York, Schocken).
Bronner, S. E. (1990) Socialism Unbound (New York: Routledge).
Callinicos, A. The Revolutionary Road to Socialism.
Cliff, T. (1975) Lenin, Vol. I ‘Building the Party’ (London: Pluto
Press).
Hunter, Allen (1995) ‘Globalization from below: promises and perils of
the new labour internationalism’, Social Policy 25 (4), pp. 6-13.
Luxemburg, R. (1971) Selected Political Writings, ed. D. Howard (Monthly Review
Press, New York and London).
Molyneux, J. (1987) Arguments for Revolutionary Socialism (London: Bookmarks).
Moody, K. (1997) Workers in a Lean World: Unions in the international economy
(London: Verso).
Munck, R. (2000) ‘Labour in the global: challenges and prospects’
in R. Cohen & S. M. Rai, Global Social Movements (Athlone Press, London
& New Brunswick, NJ).
Regini, M., ed. (1992) The Future of Labor Movements (London: Sage Publications).
Waterman, Peter (1993) ‘Social movement unionism: a new model for a New
World Order’, Review 16 (3), pp. 245-78.
Waterman, P. (1998) Globalization, Social Movements and the New Internationalism
(London: Mansell).
Peace Movements
Bolton, CD (1972) ‘Alienation and Action:: A study of peace group members’,
Amer J of Sociol, 78.
Burgmann, V. (1993) Power and Protest: Movements for change in Australian Society,
Ch. 4.
Carter, A. (1992) Peace Movements: International Protest and World Politics
Since 1945 (Longman Cheshire, Melbourne).
Dankbaar, B (1984) ‘Alternative defence policies and the peace movement’,
J of Peace Research, 21, no. 2.
Kitschelt, H (1986) ‘Political opportunity structures and political protest:
anti-nuclear movements in four democracies’, Brit J of Political Science,
16, 1.
Kriesi, H et al. (1987) ‘Old and new politics: the Dutch peace organisations’,
European J of Political Res, 15.
Ladd, A E & al. (1983) ‘Ideological themes in the antinuclear movement:
consensus and diversity’, Sociol Inquiry, 53, 2-3.
Mattausch, J. (2000) ‘The peace movement: retrospects and prospects’
in R. Cohen & S. M. Rai, Global Social Movements (Athlone Press, London
& New Brunswick, NJ).
Mendlowitz, S.H. & Walker, R B J (1987) Towards a Just World Peace.
Parkin, F (1968) Middle Class Radicalism: The social bases of the British Campaign
for Nuclear Disarmament.
Prior, S (1987) ‘The rise and fall of the nuclear disarmament party’,
Social Alternatives, 6 (4).
Saunders, M & R Summy (1986) The Australian Peace Movement: A short history
(Peace Research Centre, ANU).
Taylor, R & Young, N, eds (1987) Campaigns for Peace (Manchester University
Press).
Walker, R B J (1988) One World, Many Worlds.
Religious and Revivalist Movements
Beckford, J. A. (2000) ‘Religious movements and globalization’ in
R. Cohen & S. M. Rai, Global Social Movements (Athlone Press, London &
New Brunswick, NJ).
Bourdeaux, Michael The Influence of Religion (NY: Sharpe, 1994).
Lubeck, P. M. (2000) ‘The Islamic revival: antinomies of Islamic movements
under globalization’ in R. Cohen & S. M. Rai, Global Social Movements
(Athlone Press, London & New Brunswick, NJ).
Mews, Stuart ed., Religion in Politics: A World Guide (Harlow, Essex: Longman,
1989).
Perry, Michael J. The Role of Religion and Morality in American Politics (New
York: Oxford University Press, 1991).
Sahliyeh, Emile ed., Religious Resurgence and Politics in the Contemporary World
(Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990).
Swarup, Hem Lata ed., Women, Politics and Religion (Delhi: Indian Council of
Education, 1986).
Student Movements
Altbach, P, ed, (1989) Student Political Activism (Greenwood Press).
Cockburn A & R Blackburn, eds. (1969) Student Power.(Penguin Books).
Feenberg, A (1978) ‘Remembering the May Events’, Theory and Society,
no. 6.
Habermas, J (1971) Towards a Rational Society, Chapters 1-3.
Lipset, S (1967) Student Politics.
Nagel, J, ed, (1969) Student Power.
Rootes, C (1978) ‘The rationality of student radicalism’, Aus and
NZ J of Sociol, 14 (4).
Rootes, CA (1980) ‘Student radicalism: Politics of moral protest and legitimation
problems of the modern capitalist state’, Theory and Society, 9, no. 3.
Rootes, CA (1981) ‘Students as agents of radical social change’,
Social Alternatives, 2, no. 1.
Statera, G (1975) Death of Utopia: The development and decline of student movements
in Europe.
Touraine, A (1971) The May Movement.
Women’s Movements
Baker A J (1982) ‘The problem of authority in radical movement groups:
a case-study of lesbian-feminist organisation’, J of Applied Behav. Sci.,
18, no. 3.
Banks O (1981) The Faces of Feminism.
Burgmann, V. (1993) Power and Protest: Movements for change in Australian Society,
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Cancian et al. (1981) ‘Mass media and the women’s movement: 1900-1977,
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Charvet J (1982) Feminism.
Connell, R. W. (1993) ‘Men and the Women’s Movement’, Social
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Ettore EM (1978) ‘Women, urban social movements and the lesbian ghetto’,
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Evans, R J (1977) The Feminists: Women’s emancipation movements in Europe,
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Freeman J (1973) ‘Origins of the women’s liberation movement’
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Freeman J (1975A) The Politics of Women’s Liberation.
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Acta Sociologica, 18, no. 2-3.
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Hekman, Susan J. (1990) Gender and Knowledge: Elements of a Postmodern Feminism
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Rowbotham S (1973) Women’s Consciousness, Man’s World.
Sawer M & M Simms (1984) A Woman’s Place.
Simms M (1984) Australian Women and the Political System.
Summers A(1975) Damned Whores and God’s Police: The colonization of women
in Australia.
Tong, R. (1989) Feminist Thought.
General Discussion of Social Movements
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Barnes, S.H. & Kaase, M (1979) Political Action: Mass participation in five
Western democracies.
Boggs, C (1983) ‘The New Populism and the Limits of Structural Reform’,
Theory and Society, 12, 3.
Boggs, C (1986) Social Movements and Political Power.
Bookchin, M (1971) Post-Scarcity Anarchism.
Brand, K.W. (1986) ‘New Social Movements as a Metapolitical Challenge’,
Thesis Eleven, 15.
Buechler, S. (2000) Social Movements in Advanced Capitalism (Oxford University
Press, Oxford and New York).
Burgmann, V. (1993) Power and Protest: Movements for change in Australian Society
(Allen and Unwin).
Bürklin, W P (1985) 'The split between the established and the non-established
left in Germany', European J of Political Research, 13.
Castells, M (1983) The City and the Grassroots: A cross-cultural theory of urban
social movements.
Cohen, J L (1982) Class and Civil Society: The limits of Marxian critical theory.
Cohen, J L (1982) ‘Between crisis management and social movements’,
Telos, 52.
Cohen, J L (1983) ‘Rethinking Social Movements’, Berkeley J of Sociology,
28.
Cohen, J L (1985) ‘Strategy or Identity’, Social Research, 52, 4.
Cohen, R. & S. M. Rai, eds (2000) Global Social Movements (Athlone Press,
London & New Brunswick, NJ).
Crouch, C (1977) Participation in Politics.
Crouch, C & Pizzorno, P, eds (1978) The Resurgence of Class Conflict in
Western Europe since 1968.
Dalton, R J & Kuechler, M, eds, (1990) Challenging the Political Order:
New social and political movements in western democracies.
Della Porta, Donatella and Diani, Mario : Social Movements: An Introduction
(Blackwell UK & USA, 1999).
Diani, M (1992) ‘The concept of social movement’, Sociol Rev, 92,
4, pp. 1-25.
Eder, K (1985) ‘The “New Social Movements”: Moral Crusades,
Political Pressures Groups or Social Movements’, Social Research, 52,
4.
Eder, K (1982) ‘A New Social Movement?’, Telos, 52.
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nature as a new field of class struggle’, Theory, Culture and Society,
7, 4.
Evans, R (1973) Social Movements: A reader and source book.
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Flam, F. & King, D., eds: Emotions and Social Movements (Routledge, 2005).
Frankel, B. (1984) ‘In defence of class analysis’, Arena, 66.
Frankel, B. (1987) The Post-Industrial Utopians (Cambridge: Polity Press).
Frankel, B. (1992) From the Prophets Deserts Come: The struggle to reshape Australian
political culture (Boris Frankel & Arena, Melbourne).
Frankel, B. (1992-3) ‘Social Movements and the Political Crisis in Australia’,
Arena, Dec 92-Jan 93, pp. 11-14.
Freeman, J ‘(1979) ‘Resource mobilization and strategy’ in
Zald and McCarthy, The Dynamics of Social Movements.
Freeman, J (1983) Social Movements of the 60s and 70s.
Fuentes, M & Gunder Frank, A (1989) ‘Ten Theses on Social Movements’,
World Development, 17, 2.
Gamson, WA (1968) Power and Discontent.
Gamson, WA (1975) The Strategy of Social Protest.
Gamson, WA & al. (1982) Encounters with Unjust Authorities.
Gamson, WA & al. (1984) ‘Organizing the Poor’, Theory and Society,
13, 4.
Giddens, A (1985) The Nation-State and Violence.
Giddens, A (1986) ‘Action, subjectivity and the constitution of meaning’
in Social Research, 53, 3.
Goodwin, J., Jasper, J. M. & Polletta, F.=, eds: Passionate Politics: Emotions
and Social Movements, (University of Chicago Press, 2001).
Gorz, A (1982) Farewell to the Working Class.
Guattari, F (1984) Molecular Revolution: Psychiatry and Politics.
Gundelach, P (1982) ‘Grass-roots organizations, societal control and dissolution
of norms’, Acta Sociologica, Supp.
Gundelach, P (1984) ‘Social transformation and new forms of voluntary
associations’, Social Science Information, 23, 6.
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(Allen & Unwin, St. Leonards, Australia).
Gurr, T (1970) Why Men Rebel.
Habermas, J (1976) Legitimation Crisis.
Habermas, J (1981) ‘New Social Movements’, Telos, 49.
Habermas, J (1985) ‘A Philosophico-Political Profile’, New Left
Review, 151.
Hannigan, J A (1985) ‘Alain Touraine, Manuel Castells and Social Movement
Theory’, Sociological Quarterly, 26, 4.
Haynes, Jeff (1997) Democracy and Civil Society in the Third World: Politics
and New Political Movements (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1997).
Hirschmann, A C (1982) Shifting Involvements: Private interest and public action.
Howard, JR, ed (1974) The Cutting Edge: Social movements and social change in
America.
Howard, M. & Larmour, P., eds, (1993) The Tasmanian Parliamentary Accord
& Public Policy 1989-92: Accommodating the New Politics.
Inglehart, R (1977) The Silent Revolution.
Inglehart, R (1981) ‘The Silent Revolution in Europe’, Amer Political
Science Review, 75, 3.
Inglehart, R & Rabier, JR (1986) ‘Political realignment in advanced
industrial society: from class-based politics to quality-of-life-politics, Government
and Opposition, 21, 4.
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on States and Social Movements (Allen & Unwin, Australia).
Jennett, C & Stewart, R, eds(1989) Politics of the Future.
Johnston, Hank & Klandermans, Bert (1995) Social Movements and Culture (UCL
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Katznelson, I (1981) City Trenches, Urban Politics and the Patterning of Class
in the United States.
Keane, J (1984) Public Life and Late Capitalism.
Keane, J (1988A) Democracy and Civil Society.
Keane, J, ed (1988B) Civil Society and the State
Keane, J. (2003) Global Civil Society (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
and New York).
Kornhauser, A (1959) The Politics of Mass Society.
Korpi, W (1974) ‘Conflict, power and relative deprivation’, Amer
Political Sci Review, 63..
Laclau, E & Mouffe, C (1985) Hegemony and Socialist Strategy.
Larana, E. et al. (1994) New Social Movements: From ideology to identity (Philadelphia:
Temple University Press).
Lasch, C (1978) The Culture of Narcissism.
Lash, S & Urry, J (1987) The End of Organised Capitalism.
Lipsky, M (1980) Street-Level Bureaucracy.
Lowe, S (1986) Urban Social Movements.
McCarthy, J D & Zald, M.N. (1973) The Trend of Social Movements in America:
Professionalization and Resource Mobilization.
Maddison, S. & Scalmer, S. (2006) Activist Wisdom: Practical knowledge and
creative tension in social movements (UNSW Press, Sydney).
Melucci, A (1980) ‘The New Social Movements: A theoretical approach’,
Social Science Information, 19, 2.
Melucci, A (1985) ‘The Symbolic Challenge of Contemporary Movements’,
Social Research, 52,4.
Melucci, A (1989) Nomads of the Present.
Melucci, A (1992) ‘Challenging codes: framing and ambivalence in the ideology
of social movements’, Thesis Eleven, 31, 1992, p. 131-142.
Melucci, A. (1994) ‘A strange kind of newness: what’s “new”
in the New Social Movements’ in Larana, E. et al, eds, New Social Movements
(Philadelphia: Temple UP).
Melucci, A. (1996) Challenging Codes: Collective action in the information age
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
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Miliband, R. (1989) Divided Societies: Class struggle in contemporary capitalism
(Oxford: Clarendon Press).
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(Yale UP, New Haven & London) (esp. resource mobilization theory).
Muller, E N (1980) Aggressive Political Participation.
Nedelmann, B (1984) ‘New Political Movements and Changes in Processes
of Intermediation’, Social Science Information, 23, 6.
Nicholson, Linda J. (1990) ed. Feminism/Postmodernism (Routledge, New York &
London).
Nicholson, Linda & Seidman, Steven (1995) Social Postmodernism: Beyond Identity
Politics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York).
Oberschall, A (1973) Social Conflict and Social Movements.
Offe, C (1984) Contradictions of the Welfare State.
Offe, C (1985A) ‘New Social Movements: Challenging the boundaries of institutional
politics’, Social Research, 52, 4.
Offe, C (1985B) Disorganized Capitalism.
Olson, M (1965) The Logic of Collective Action.
Outhwaite, M. (1994) Habermas: A Critical Introduction (Polity Press,
Cambridge).
Pakulski, J (1991) Social Movements: The politics of moral protest.
Parkin, F (1979) Marxism and Class Theory: A bourgeois critique.
Pizzorno, A (1985) ‘On the Rationality of Democratic Choice’, Telos,
63.
Pusey, M. (1987) Jürgen Habermas (Tavistock/ Ellis Horwood, UK).
Roberts, RE and Kloss, RM (1979) Social Movements.
Rowbotham, S & al. (1979) Beyond the Fragments: Feminism and the making
of socialism.
Rucht, D., ed. Research on Social Movements: The State of the Art in Western
Europe and the USA (Campus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main & Westview Press, Boulder,
Colorado, 1991)
Rucht, D., ‘Sociological Theory as a Theory of Social Movements? A Critique
of Alain Touraine’ in D. Rucht, ed. Research on Social Movements: The
State of the Art in Western Europe and the USA (Campus Verlag, Frankfurt am
Main & Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1991).
Ruggiero, V. & Montagna, N. (2008) Social Movements: A Reader (Routledge).
Rush, GB & Denisoff, R S (1971) Social and Political Movements.
Rustin, M (1985) For a Pluralist Socialism.
Scott, A (1990) Ideology and the New Social Movements.
Smelser, N J (1963) Theory of Collective Behavior.
Tarrow, S. (1994) Power in Movement: Social movements, collective action and
politics (Cambridge: CUP).
Tilly, C (1978) From Mobilization to Revolution.
Tilly, C & al., (1975) The Rebellious Century 1830-1930.
Tilly, L & al., (1981) Class Conflict and Collective Action.
Touraine, A (1977) The Self-Production of Society.
Touraine, A (1981) The Voice and the Eye: An analysis of social movements.
Touraine, A (1985) ‘An Introduction to the Study of Social Movements’,
Social Research, 52, 4.
Tucker, K H (1991) ‘How new are the new social movements?’, Theory,
Culture and Society, 8.
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West, D (1990) Authenticity and Empowerment (Harvester Wheatsheaf, Hemel Hempstead).
Wilkinson, P (1971) Social Movements (London: Macmillan).
Zirakzadeh, C. E. (1997) Social Movements in Politics: A comparative study (London,
Longmans).
Return to CONTENTS.
LINKS TO RELEVANT
WEBSITES
A number of links related to social movements can be accessed via my Making
Changes website. Comments and suggestions for additions are welcome!
Return to CONTENTS.
Week 11. Global Civil Society. Organisation and Tactics.
I. Introduction
1. So far we’ve analysed
(i) different dimensions of globalisation and identified
(ii) possible advantages and deficits of globalisation.
2. Need to look at possible political responses,
i.e. alternatives and challenges to globalisation from social movements (SMs)
and civil society.
II. Global Civil Society
1. Civil society as sphere apart from
(i) economy/ production/ capitalism,
(ii) state/ government/ institutionalised politics,
(iii) ‘private’ sphere/ family/ domestic relations.
See: J. Keane, Global Civil Society? (CUP, 2003)
Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America.
2. Elements of civil society:
(i) voluntary associations;
(ii) charities and so-called ‘third sector’;
(iii) public sphere and media;
(iv) social movements (SMs), activists, networks;
(v) social movement organisations (SMOs, NGOs etc.).
3. Globalisation of civil society (GCS) and SMs:
(i) transnationalisation;
(ii) GSMs and international NGOs or INGOs.
4. Pessimistic view of GCS:
(i) dominance of capitalism,
(ii) bourgeois hegemony over civil society (Gramsci);
(iii) reproduction of power and domination.
5. GCS and the return of class:
(i) economic globalisation;
(ii) SMs and class;
(iii) politics of North vs. South
6. ‘Pessimism of the intellect’ vs. ‘optimism of the will’
(Gramsci)?
III. Limits to Statism
1. Political ideologies of global politics:
(i) neo-liberalism,
(ii) ‘thin’ and ‘thick’ reformism (Scholte);
(iii) radicalism – reaction, revolution or withdrawal (Scholte etc.).
2. Need for overarching alternative ideology or postmodern celebration of diversity?
3. Limits of state as political actor:
(i) social and cultural transformation;
(ii) authoritarian states;
(iii) over-burdened states;
(iv) globalisation and the ‘post-national constellation’ (Habermas).
4. Limits of electoral politics:
(i) social democracy as a ‘passive political formation’ –
tyranny of the political centre/ ‘floating voter’;
(ii) e.g. Rudd ALP and the torments of Peter Garrett.
(iii) Green Party as radical but marginal.
5. Media and the global public sphere.
IV. Global Civil Society as a Permanent Level of Global Politics
1. Global civil society as a permanent level of global politics:
(i) no totalising theory or ideology;
(ii) politics beyond states.
(iii) SMs and civil society not just a stage of (pre-institutional) politics.
2. GSMs and degrees of organisation:
(i) centralisation and ‘unity of purpose’;
(ii) or dispersed and uncontrollable resistance (c.f. Seattle);
(iii) synergies and cooperation.
3. Remaining role of nation-states and electoral politics,
(i) favourable political framework for civil society activism;
(ii) but need for alternative politics of globalisation;
(iii) ‘double’ democratisation’ (Held, Keane) of state and
(global) civil society:
Economy, civil society etc.
4. Levels of political agency:
(i) State, economy, civil society;
(ii) Political agency – individual, group, network, community;
(iii) Social movements as permanent aspect of politics;
(iv) Formal organisations (NGOs and INGOs, interest group, pressure groups etc)
(v) Electoral political parties – competing for control of state;
(vi) State as essential but limited political agency.
V. A 'Political Toolbox' for GSMs, or Lessons from New Social Movements
1. Autonomy of dimensions of oppression:
(i) no single source or logic of oppression;
(ii) cf. Marxism and primacy of class conflict;
(iii) Radical Feminism and primacy of gender (patriarchy).
2. Contingent historical entanglement of dimensions of oppression:
(i) e.g. S. Africa – racism and class;
(ii) e.g. N. Ireland – religion and class;
(iii) contingent synergies and alliances between SMs.
(iv) contingent conflicts and tensions between SMs
3. Theory of autonomous organisation;
(i) against separatism;
(ii) authenticity of interests –
consciousness, identity politics and the proliferation of identities.
(iii) empowerment of interests –
organisation, unity, political realities, cooperation between groups and movements..
4. Implications of ‘rich’ identities:
(i) multiple and cross-cutting identities vs. ‘
(ii) exclusive identities (e.g. nationalism, religious fundamentalisms).
(iii) no simple oppressor vs. oppressed (or friend-enemy) distinction.
(iii) plural dimensions of alliance;
(iv) plural dimensions of conflict.
5. ‘Beyond the fragments’?
(i) logics of fragmentation;
(ii) logics of articulation.
Week 12. Contemporary Social Movements – An Articulating Framework?
I. Introduction: The Need for an Articulating Framework?
1. Responding to the postmodernist (PM) challenge:
(i) Difference and diversity as ultimate criteria.
(ii) Need for a moral and ideological framework?
2. SMs and social transformation:
(i) Culture – need for a holistic challenge to prevailing culture;
(ii) State – role of electoral parties;
(iii) Gramsci’s ‘war of position’ vs. ‘war of manoeuvre’.
(iv) Counter-hegemonic challenge to the status quo?
3. But articulating framework does not rule our difference/ diversity:
(i) Difference is an articulating framework;
(ii) Not all difference is good:
e.g Fascism, Racism, Nationalism, Religious bigotry etc.
II. Pluralist Socialism as an Articulating Framework
1. M. Rustin, For a Pluralist Socialism (1985):
(i) revival of the socialist project by appeal to NSMs and GSMs.
(ii) rejection of bad socialism;
(iii) appeal to working class on behalf of the ‘new politics’.
(iv) Commitment to economic rights combined with pluralism of values.
2. M. Walzer, Spheres of Justice (1983):
(i) Cultural pluralism – whose justice?
(ii) Other spheres of justice:
honour, merit, friendship, membership, community etc.
(iii) Pluralism of ‘complex equality’:
(iv) Rejection of monistic socialism – equality as only value;
(v) Danger of political domination replacing dominance of money.
3. Advantages of socialist pluralism as articulating framework:
(i) critical extension of traditions of liberalism and socialism;
(ii) appeal to actual people – compatible with democracy;
(iii) recognises strategic importance of working class;
(iv) Social Democracy’s progressive tradition;
(v) social justice as basis for ‘calibration’ of conflicting interests.
4. Possible problems with this solution:
(i) Socialism as an unappealing ideology;
(ii) Feeble state of social democracy today;
(iii) productivism of socialist tradition against the environment.
5. Note similar solutions of radical theorists:
(i) ‘Radical and plural democracy’ (Laclau and Mouffe);
(ii) Left postmodernism;
(iii) Habermas’s deliberative democracy.
(iv) Offe’s Left-Green alliance;
(v) Touraine and the reconciliation of technology and autonomy.
III. Green Ideology as an Articulating Framework
1. Recall distinction between ecology and Greens;
(i) Deep and shallow ecologists concerned with value of nature.
(ii) Greens as articulation of NSM and perhaps also GSM issues – as political
‘bloc’.
2. Left-wing profile of Green ideology:
(i) Ecology and critique of rampant capitalism;
(ii) But need for working class support (e.g. Tasmania);
(iii) Commitment to social justice or even eco-socialism.
(iv) Sustainable jobs.
(v) Resolution of conflicting demands of movements – social justice vs.
growth.
3. Advantages of Green ideology as articulating framework:
(i) Appeal to actors of NSMs and GSMs.
(ii) Contemporary prominence of ‘green’ issues – e.g. Global
Warming;
(iii) Addresses nature-society relationship explicitly – cf. socialist
pluralism;
(iv) Anti-materialism helps to defuse distributional/ class conflict;
(v) Resonates with anti- and postmodernist themes – cf. socialism.
4. Possible problems with Green solution:
(i) Anti-rationalism – mysticism and authoritarianism;
(ii) Anti-humanism – animals before humans;
(iii) Green stagism – no guarantee that ecological problems encourage
Green solutions.
Return to CONTENTS.
Globalising Movements/ Moving Against
Globalisation - Additional Material
Overheads
Globalization
is 'an active process of corporate expansion across borders ... also an ideology,
whose function is to reduce any resistance to the process by making it seem both
highly beneficent and unstoppable'.
Edward Herman in Starr 2000, 7
So while the major states and multinational firms in the rich world have
been investing among themselves - and creating trade monopolies and oligopolies
in so doing - there is increasingly strong evidence of a disjuncture between the
practice of neo-liberal globalism and its (grand) theory, which promises an open,
competitive world order and an increased opportunity for all to benefit from the
liberating power of market forces.
Jim George 2000
Emerging
Global Political Cleavages (Kaldor 2000, 109)
| Parochial | Cosmopolitan | |
| Neoliberal | New Right (Thatcher, Reagan, Pinochet) | TNCs Internationalist liberals (e.g. Fukuyama) |
| Redistributionist | Old Left,
e.g. traditional socialist parties | Global civic networks, NGOs, aid agencies |
What the Right offers is to turn the world into
one big mall where they can buy Indians here, women there....
Subcomandante
Marcos of the Zapatistas
In short, there is a significant danger that
global civic activism can reproduce the exclusions of neoliberal globalisation,
even in campaigns that mean to oppose those inequities. ... deficits in democratic
practice can also undermine the credentials of civic campaigners for global economic
change. ... there is nothing inherently democratic in global civil society, whether
we are talking about the WEF or the demonstrators of Seattle.
Scholte
2000, 119
The new forms of collective action contain innovative conceptions
of social justice and solidarity, of social possibility, of knowledge, of emancipation,
and freedom. The content of their mobilising myths includes diversity, oneness
of the planet and nature, democracy, and equity ... Moreover, whilst many of the
moments and movements of resistance noted above are at first glance 'local' in
nature, there is broad recognition that local problems may require global solutions.
Gill 2000, 140
There was an element of organized chaos
at Porto Alegre - it was in fact impossible to sample more than a minute part
of the organic energy present, but without exception, one always encountered an
optimism that "um outro mundo e possivel" and a sense of humour.
Paul Bruce 2001
We can't build a movement on just a youth culture, of
people who are available, or a jetset culture, whether its progressive or not,
of people who can just take off time and who have the means to get to some venue
somewhere in the world, and who don't have families or jobs or whatever. I think
we've got to build a movement on the basis of people from all walks of life who
have normal lives, who have jobs, who have children, who have responsibilities.
.. the big truth about globalisation is that 10% of the population is profiting
from it, and 90% is losing, so we should have 90% of the people.
Susan George 2001
As soon as the activists get coalesced, develop messages
that are simple and well understood among most people, and actually can agree
on goals and objectives that they seek to achieve, then I think the corporate
communities, and the government community are both going to have to start taking
much more care and attention in dealing with them, and be more responsive to them.
Peckham 2001
The NGO movement may think that it is the
greatest expression of democracy. It is not. The greatest expression of democracy
lies in those institutions which give expression and due weight to the opinion
of all the people, organized and unorganized. The central institution is the parliament,
itself constrained by the electorate, by the constitution and by the courts.
The challenge for governments is not to allow the mantle of political legitimacy
to slip from the premier democratic institutions into the more apparently popular
one of civil society. That way lies a less accountable democracy.
Johns 2000, 14
I now say I'm a reformist ... Its just because conceptually speaking ... I
can't figure out what it would mean today to destroy capitalism. I literally
don't know what that would mean. I don't believe, I never did actually, in the
great apotheosis where everything collapses in just one night ... So since I
don't know what that means I have to think about what it is I want, and what
I want is to begin getting all this system under control, under rules, under
democratic rules, where people are protected, where families are protected,
where nature is protected.
Lecturer/Tutor: David West (T) 61254256; David.West@anu.edu.au; COP 1167
Tutor: Katherine Curchin - katherine.curchin@anu.edu.au
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