Colin Groves

A half-semester course on Animal Domestication

(taught together with a half-course on Plant Domestication,

given by Andy Fairbairn,

as

Animals, Plants and People

ARCH2108

Processes of domestication

Genetics and taxonomy of domestic mammals

Elephant, reindeer, cat, ferret, rabbit

The dog

Cattle and buffaloes

Sheep and goats

Pigs, guinea pigs, and camelids

Horses and asses


BIBLIOGRAPHY
• - requested for short loan

Recommended Reading
*Clutton-Brock, Juliet 1981 Domesticated animals from early times. (Reprinted in 1987 as A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals.)
*Clutton-Brock, J. (ed.) 1989 The Walking Larder.
*Hemmer, H. 1983 (English edition, 1990). Domestication: The Decline of Environmental Appreciation. Cambridge University Press.
*Mason, I.L. (ed.) 1984 Evolution of domesticated animals. (This is an indispensable source book on all domestic species.)


GENERAL: THE PROCESS OF DOMESTICATION

Belyaev, D.K. 1969 Domestication of animals. Science Journal 1:47-52.
Belyaev, D.K. 1979 Destabilizing selection as a factor in domestication. J.Hered. 70:301-8.
*Bökönyi, S. 1974 History of domestic mammals in Central and Eastern Europe.
Bökönyi, S. 1989 Definitions of Animal Domestication. In Clutton-Brock (ed.), The Walking Larder, pp.22-7.
Clutton-Brock, J. 1976 The historical background to the domestication of animals. Int.Zoo Ybk. 16:240-4.
Clutton-Brock, J. (ed.) 1989 The Walking Larder.
Clutton-Brock, J. 1992 The process of domestication. Mammal Review 22:79-85.
*Cole, H.H. and M.Ronning (eds.). 1974 Animal Agriculture.
Collier, S. and J.P. White. 1976 Get them young? Age and sex inferences on animal domestication in archaeology. Amer.Antiq. 41:96-102.
Davis, S.J.M. 1981 The effects of temperature change and domestication on the body size of Late Pleistocene to Holocene mammals of Israel. Palaeobiology 7:101-114.
Davis, S.J.M. 1982 The taming of the few. New Scientist 9 Sept.1982:697-700.
Davis, S.J.M. 1982 Climatic change and the advent of domestication: the succession of ruminant artiodactyls in the late Pleistocene-Holocene in the Israel region. Paleorient 8:5-15.
*Davis, S.J.M. 1987 The Archaeology of Animals.
Diamond, J. 2002 Evolution, consequences and future of plant and animal domestication. Nature 418:700-707.
Drew, I.M., D.Perkins, D. & P.Daly. 1971 Prehistoric domestication of animals: effects on bone structure. Science 171:280-2.
Ducos, P. 1978 “Domestication” defined and methodological approaches to its recognition in faunal assemblages. Pp 53-6 in R.H.Meadow & M.A.Zeder (eds.), Approaches to Faunal Analysis in the Middle East.
*Epstein, H. (with I.L.Mason). 1971 The origin of the domestic animals of Africa. 2 Vols.
Grandin, T. 1998. The way I see it: the dangers of trait over-selection. Western Horseman, August 1998:120-124, reproduced in http://www.grandin.com/references/horse.genetics.html
Hafez, E.S.E. (ed.) 1975 The behaviour of domestic animals. (several editions; presently up to 3rd.)
Ganjoo, R.K. 1988 Early animal domestication in India - facts and queries. Bull.IPPA, 8:37-46.
Groves, C.P. 1999 The advantages and disadvantages of being domesticated. Perspectives in Human Biology, 4:1-12.
Hall, S.J.G. 1990 Genetic conservation of domestic livestock. Oxford Reviews of Reproductive Biology (S.R.Milligan, ed.), 12:289-318.
Hammond, J. (with J.C. Bowman and T.J. Robinson). 1983 Farm animals 5th ed. (A source book for anatomical and physiological data on common domestic species.).
Herre, W. 1969 The science and history of domestic animals. In Brothwell, D. and Higgs, E. Science in Archaeology ed. 2, 257-272.
Herre, W. and M.Röhrs. 1973 (2nd ed., 1990) Haustiere - Zoologisch gesehen. (Compendium of basic data.)
Higgs, E.S. (ed.). 1972 Papers in Economic Prehistory. (See especially chapters by E.S. Higgs and M.R. Jarman [origins of husbandry], M.R. Jarman and P.F. Wilkinson [criteria of domestication], P.F. Wilkinson [current experimental domestication]).
Hole, F. 1989 A two-part, two-stage model of domestication. In Clutton-Brock (ed.) The Walking Larder, pp.97-104.
*Hyams, E. 1972 Animals in the service of man.
Kruska, D. 1980 Effects of domestication on brain structure and behavior in mammals. Hum.Evol. 3:473-85.
Künzl, C. & N.Sachser. 1999 The behavioural endocrinology of domestication: a comparison between the domestic guinea pig and its wild ancestor, the cavy. Hormones & Behavior 35:28-37.
*Manwell, C. and C.M.A. Baker. 1976 Protein polymorphisms in domesticated species: evidence for hybrid origin? In S. Karlin and E. Nevo, (ed.) Population Genetics and Ecology.
Mason, I.L. 1951 (several editions since then). A Dictionary of Livestock Breeds.
*Matolcsi, J. (ed.). 1973 Domestikationsforschung and Geschichte des Haustiers. (Not all papers in this book are in German! See especially chapters by S. Bokonyi [Middle East], M.L. Ryder [use of skin and coat in studies of changes following domestication]).
O’Connor, T.P. 1997 Working at relationships: another look at animal domestication. Antiquity 71:149-156.
Price, E.O. 1999 Behavioral development in animals undergoing domestication. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 65:245-271.
*Reed, C.A. (ed.) 1977 Origins of Agriculture. (See especially editor's own chapters, and chapters by Herre and Rohrs [Zoological Considerations] and Wing [Animal Domestication in the Andes]).
*Ucko, P.J. & G.W.Dimbleby (eds.). 1969 The domestication and exploitation of plants and animals. (See especially editors' chapter, and chapters by Flannery [Middle East], Berry [genetic implications], Bökönyi [osteological criteria], Chaplin [non-morphological criteria]).
Watson, J.P.N. 1975 Domestication and bone structure in sheep and goats. J.Archaeol.Sci. 2:375-83. (A refutation of Drew et al. above; but read them both.)
Zeder, M.A. 1978 Differentiation between the bones of caprines from different ecosystems in Iran by analysis of osteological microstructure and chemical composition. In R.H. Meadow and M.A. Zeder (ed.) Approaches to faunal analysis in the Middle East pp.69-84.
Zeder, M.A. ca2000? New perspectives on agricultural origins in the ancient Near East. http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/academic/cult_sci/anthro/lost_tribes/agriculture.html
*Zeuner, F.E. 1963 A history of domesticated animals.


DOG

Altman, D. 1986 Social behaviour patterns in three wolf packs at Tierpark Berlin. In H. Frank, (ed.) Man and Wolf.
Barker, B.C.W. & A.Macintosh. 1979 The dingo - a review. A.P.A.O. 14:27-53.
Brisbin, I.L., R.P.Coppinger, M.H.Feinstein, S.N.Austad & J.M.Mayer. 1994. The New Guinea Singing Dog: taxonomy, captive studies and conservation priorities. Science in New Guinea 20:27-38.
Burleigh, R., J.Clutton-Brock, P.J.Felder & G.de G.Sieveking. 1977 A further consideration of Neolithic dogs, with special reference to a skeleton from Grime's Graves (Norfolk), England. J.Archaeol.Sci. 4:353-66.
Clark, K.M. 1995 The later prehistoric and protohistoric dog: the emergence of canine diversity. Archaeozoologia 7, 2:9-32.
Clutton-Brock, J. 1977 Man-made dogs. Science 197:1240-2.
Clutton-Brock, J. 1984 Dog, in Mason (ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals.
Clutton-Brock, J. 1995 The origins of the dog: domestication and early history. In J.Serpell (ed.), The Domestic Dog: its Evolution, Behaviour and Interactions with People, 8-19.
Clutton-Brock, J. & N.Noe-Nygaard. 1990 New osteological and C-isotope evidence on Mesolithic dogs: companions to hunters and fishers at Star Carr, Seamer Carr and Kongemose. J.Archaeol.Sci. 17:643-53.
Corbett, L.K. 1985 Morphological comparisons of Australian and Thai dingos: a reappraisal of dingo status, distribution and ancestry. Proc.Ecol.Soc.Aust. 13:277-291.
Corbett, L.K. 1988 Social dynamics of a captive dingo pack: population regulation by dominant female infanticide. Ethology 78:177-98.
Corbett, L.K. 1995 The Dingo in Australia and Asia.
Dalzell, B. 1997-2003 NetPets® Presents - Primitive Dogs. http://www.netpets.com/dogs/reference/breedinfo/primitive.html
Davis, S. 1978 Evidence for domestication of the dog 12,000 years ago in the Natufian of Israel. Nature 276:::608-610.
Dayan, T. 1994 Early domesticated dogs of the Near East. J.Archaeol.Sci.21:633-640.
Dayan, T., D.Simberloff, E.Tchernov & Y.Yom-Tov. 1992. Canine carnassials: character displacement in the wolves, jackals and foxes of Israel. Biol.J.Linn.Soc. 45:315-331.
Dennis-Bryan, K. & J.Clutton-Brock. 1988 Dogs of the last hundred years at the British Museum.
*Fox, M.W. (ed.). 1975 The wild canids. (See especially chapters by H.J. Stains [distribution and taxonomy], N.W.G. Macintosh [dingo], D.H. Pimlott [wolf ecology], E. Zimen [social dynamics of wolf pack], L. Corbett and A. Newsome [dingo society], C. Keeler [behaviour variations associated with colour phase in Red Fox]).
*Fox, M.W. 1978 The dog: its domestication and behaviour.
Gollan, K. 1985 Prehistoric dogs in Australia: an Indian Origin? In V.N. Misra and P. Bellwood (eds.) Recent Advances in Indo-Pacific Prehistory 439-443.
Groves, C.P. 1999 The advantages and disadvantages of being domesticated. Perspectives in Human Biology, 4:1-12.
Jacobs, G.H., J.F.Deegan II, M.A.Crognale & J.A.Fenwick. 1993. Photopigments of dogs and foxes and their implications for canid vision. Visual Neuroscience, 10:173-180.
Hall, R.L. & H.S.Sharp (eds.). 1978 Wolf and Man: evolution in parallel.
Hare, B., M.Brown, C.Williamson & M.Tomasello. 2002 The domestication of social cognition in dogs. Science, 298:1634-1636.
Leonard, J.A., R.K.Wayne, J.Wheeler, R.Valadez, S.Guillén & C.Vilà. 2002 Ancient DNA evidence for Old World origin of New World dogs. Science, 298:1613-1616.
Lumer, H. 1940 Evolutionary allometry in the skeleton of the domesticated dog. Amer.Nat. 74:439-67.
Manwell, C. & C.M.A.Baker. 1984 Domestication of the dog: hunter, food, bedwarmer or emotional object? Z.Tierzücht.Züchtgsbiol. 101:241-256.
Meggitt, M.J. 1960 The association between Australian Aborigines and Dingos. In A.Leeds & A.P.Vayda (eds.), Man, Culture and Animals: the role of animals in human ecological adjustments.
Morey, D.S. 1994. The early evolution of the domestic dog. Amer.Sci. 82:336-347.
Newby, J. 1997 The Pact for Survival.
Newsome, A.E. & L.K.Corbett. 1985 The identity of the dingo. III. The occurrence of dingos, dogs and hybrids and the coat colours in remote and settled regions of Australia. Aust.J.Zool. 33:363-375.
Newsome, A.E. & L.Corbett. 1982. The identity of the dingo. II. Hybridization with domestic dogs in captivity and in the wild. Aust.J.Zool. 30:365-374.
Newsome, A.E., l.K.Corbett & S.M.Carpenter. 1980 The identity of the dingo. I. Morphological discriminants of dingo and dog skulls. Aust.J.Zool. 28:615-25.
Savolainen, P., L.Arvestad & J.Lundeberg. 2000. mtDNA tandem repeats in domestic dogs and wolves: mutation mechanism studied by analysis of the sequence of imperfect repeats. Mol.Biol.Evol., 17:474-488.
Savolainen, P., Y.Zhang, J.Luo, J.Lundeberg & T.Leitner. 2002 Genetic evidence for an East Asian origin of domestic dogs. Science, 298:1610-1613.
Shaughnessy, P.D., A.E.Newsome & L.K.Corbett. 1975 An electrophoretic comparison of three blood proteins in dingos and domestic dogs. J.Aust.Mamm.Soc. 1:355-60.
Shigehara, N. 1994 Morphological changes in Japanese ancient dogs. Archaeozoologia 6, 2:79-94.
Shigehara, N., Matsu’ura, S., Nakamura, T. & Kondo, M. 1993 First discovery of the ancient Dingo-type dog in Polynesia (Pukapuka, Cook Islands). Int.J.Osteoarchaeol. 3:315-320.
Tchernov, E. & F.F.Valla. 1997 Two new dogs, and other Natufian dogs, from the Southern Levant. J.Archaeol.Sci. 24:65-95.
The Wolfdogs Resource. 1997-98-99. http://www.grapevine.net/~wolf2dog/index.html
Turnbull, P.F. & C.A.Reed. 1974 The fauna from the terminal Pleistocene of Palegawra Cave. Fieldiana, Anthrop. 63:81-146. (Section on dog, pp.99-106.)
Vilà, C., P.Savolainen, J.E.Maldonado, I.R.Amorim, J.E.Rice, R.L.Honeycutt, K.A.Crandall, J.Lundeberg & R.K.Wayne. 1997. Multiple and ancient origins of the domestic dog. Science 276:1687-1689.
Walters, B. 1995 The Company of Dingoes.
Wayne, R.K. ca.2000 Molecular evolution of the dog family. http://www.grapevine.net/~wolf2dog/wayne2.htm
Wilton, A.N., D.J.steward & K.Zafiris. 1999. Microsatellite variation in the Australian dingo. Amer.Genetic Assoc. 90:108-111.


CAT

Armitage, P.L. & J.Clutton-Brock. 1981 A radiological and histological investigation into the mummification of cats from Ancient Egypt. J.Archaeol.Sci. 8:185-96.
Cameron-Beaumont, C., S.E.Lowe & J.W.S.Bradshaw. 2002 Evidence suggesting preadaptation to domestication throughout the small Felidae. Biol.J.Linn.Soc. 75:361-366.
von den Driesch, A. & J.Boessneck. 1983 A Roman cat skeleton from Quseir on the Red Sea Coast. J.Archaol. Sci. 10:205-11.
French, D.D., L.K.Corbett & N.Easterbee. 1998. Morphological discriminants of Scottish wildcats (Felis silvestris), domestic cats (Felis catus) and hybrids. J.zool.Lond., 214:235-259.
Kitchener, C. & N.Easterbee. 1992. The taxonomic status of black wild felids in Scotland. J.Zool.Lond., 227:342-346.
Morrison-Scott, T.C.S. 1952 The mummified cats of Ancient Egypt. Proc.Zool.Soc.Lond. 4:861-7.
Robinson, R. 1978 Homologous coat colour variation in Felis. Carnivore 1, 1:68-71.
The domestication of the cat. ca2000? http://www.messybeast.com/cathistory.htm
Todd, N.B. 1978 An ecological, behavioural genetic model for the domestication of the cat. Carnivore 1, 1:52-60.


FERRET, MINK

Ferret Natural History FAQ. 1994-1998. http://www.rud.dk/ferrets/faqhtml/history.html#domestication
Kruska, D. 1993 Evidence of decrease in brain size in ranch mink, Mustela vison f.dom., during subadult postnatal ontogenesis. Brain, Behaviour & Evolution 41:303-315.
Owen, C. 1973 Domestication of the ferret. In Matolcsi, J., Domestikationsforschung and Geschichte des Haustiers.
Owen, C. 1984 Ferret. In Mason, (ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals.
*Volobuev, T., D.Ternovsky & A.Graphodatsky. 1974 Taxonomic status of the ferret (Putorius putorius furo) by karyological data. Zool.Zhurnal 53:1738-40.


HORSE

Azzaroli, A. 1985 An early history of horsemanship.
Bahn, P.G. 1980 Crib-biting: tethered horses in the Palaeolithic? World Archaeology. 12:212-7.
Bökönyi, S. 1984 Horse. In Mason (ed.), Evolution of domesticated animals.
Bowling, A.T. & O.A.Ryder. 1987. Genetic studies of blood markers in Przewalski’s horses. J.Hered. 78:75-80.
Boyd, L. & K.A.Houpt. 1994. Przewalski’s Horse: the History and Biology of an Endangered Species.
Burleigh, R. 1986 Chronology of some early domestic equids in Egypt and Western Asia. In Meadow and Uerpmann (eds.) Equids in the Ancient World, 230-236.
Clutton-Brock, J. 1974 The Buhen Horse. J.Archaeol.Sci. 1:89-100.
Clutton-Brock, J. & R.Burleigh. 1979 Notes on the osteology of the Arab Horse with reference to a skeleton collected in Egypt by Sir Flinders Petrie. Bull.BMNH (Zool.) 35:127-200.
Firouz, L.L. 1973 Osteological and historical implications of the Caspian miniature horse to early horse domestication in Iran. In Matolcsi, J. (ed.) Domestikationsforschung and Geschichte des Haustiers, 309-15.
Groves, C.P. 1974 Horses, asses and zebras in the wild.
Groves, C.P. 1986 The taxonomy, distribution, and adaptations of recent Equids. In R.H.Meadow and H-P.Uerpmann (eds.), Equids in the Ancient World, 11-65.
Groves, C.P. & O.A.Ryder. 2000. Systematics and phylogeny of the horse. In A.T.Bowling & A.Ruvinsky (eds.), The Genetics of the Horse, 1-24.
Ishida, N., T.Oyunsuren, S.Mashima, H.Mukoyama & N.Saitou. 1995. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of various species of the genus Equus with special reference to the phylogenetic relationship between Przewalski’s wild horse and domestic horse. J.Mol.Evol. 41:180-188.
Klingel, H. 1975 Social organisation and reproduction in Equidae. J.Reprod.Fert., Suppl., 23:7-11.
Lister, A.M., M.Kadwell, L.M.Kaagan, W.C.Jordan, M.B.Richards & H.F.Stanley. 1998. Ancient and modern DNA in a study of horse domestication. Ancient Biomolecules, 2:267-280.
Littauer, M.A. 1980 Horse sense, or nonsense? Antiquity 54:139-142 (with reply by P.Bahn).
*Meadow, R.H. & H-P.Uerpmann (eds.). 1986 Equids in the Ancient World.
Oakenfull, E.A. & O.A.Ryder. 1998. Mitochondrial control region and 12S rRNA variation in Przewalski’s horse (Equus przewalskii). Animal Genetics 29:456-459.
The International Museum of the Horse. 2000 The Legacy of the Horse. http://www.imh.org/imh/kyhpl1b.html
Vilà, C., J.A.Leonard, A.Götherström, S.Marklund, K.Sandberg, K.Lidén, R.W.Wayne & H.Ellergen. 2001. Widespread origins of domestic horse lineages. Science, 291:474-477.
White, R. 1989 Husbandry and herd control in the Upper Palaeolithic: a critical review of the evidence. Curr.Anthrop.30:609-32 (with replies by Bahn and others.)


ASS, ONAGER AND EQUID HYBRIDS

Armitage, P. & H.Chapman. 1979 Roman mules. London Archaeol. 3:339-47.
Burleigh, R. 1986 Chronology of some early domestic equids in Egypt and Western Asia. In Meadow and Uerpmann, eds., Equids in the Ancient World, 230-236.
Clutton-Brock, J. 1986 Osteology of the equids from Sumer. In Meadow and Uerpmann, eds., Equids in the Ancient World, 230-236.
Dent, A. 1972 Donkey.
Ducos, P. 1986 The equid of Tell Muraibit, Syria. In Meadow and Uerpmann, eds., Equids in the Ancient World, 237-245.
Epstein, H. 1984 Ass, mule and onager. In Mason (ed.), Evolution of domesticated animals.
Groves, C.P. 1974 Horses, asses and zebras in the wild.
Groves, C.P. 1986 The taxonomy, distribution, and adaptations of recent Equids. In R.H.Meadow and H-P.Uerpmann (eds.), Equids in the Ancient World, 11-65.
*Meadow, R.H. & H-P.Uerpmann (eds.). 1986 Equids in the Ancient World.
Noble, D. 1969 The Mesopotamian onager as a draught animal. In Ucko and Dimbleby, eds., The domestication and exploitation of plants and animals, 485-8.
Postgate, J.N. 1986 The Equids of Sumer, again. In R.H. Meadow and H-P. Uerpmann (eds.), Equids in the Ancient World, pp.194-206.
Ryder, O.A., L.G.Chemnick, A.T.Bowling & K.Benirschke. 1985 Male mule foal qualifies as the offspring of a female mule and jack donkey. J.Hered, 76:379-81.
Uerpmann, H-P. 1989 Problems of archaeo-zoological research in eastern Arabia. Oman Studies, 163-8.
Woodward, S.L. 1979 The social system of feral asses (Equus asinus). Z.F.Tierpsychol. 49:304-16.
Zarins, J. 1986 Equids associated with human burials in Third Millenium BC Mesopotamia: two complementary facets. In Meadow and Uerpmann, eds., Equids in the Ancient World, 194-206.
Zeder, M.A. 1986 The equid remains from Tal-e Malyan, southern Iran. In Meadow and Uerpmann, eds., Equids in the Ancient World, 366-412.


ELEPHANT

Deraniyagala, P.E.P. 1955 Some extinct elephants, their relatives, and the two living species.
Monappa, P.M. & C.P.Groves. 1984 Elephants at Work. Hemisphere 28:285-291.
Olivier, R.C.D. 1984 Asian elephant. In Mason, ed., Evolution of domesticated animals.
Scullard, H.H. 1974 The elephant in the Greek and Roman world.


PIG

Baker, J.R. 1928 Notes on New Hebridean customs, with special reference to the Intersex Pig. Man 80, 1:113-8.
Caldecott, J. and S. 1985 A horde of pork. New Scientist 15 Aug. 1985:32-5.
Czaker, R. & B.Mayr. 1982 Comparative studies on the polymorphism of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in four breeds of domestic pigs with special emphasis on the development of breeds. Z.f.zool.Syst.u.Evolutionsforschung 20:233-241.
Epstein, H. & M.Bichard. 1984 Pig. In Mason (ed.), Evolution of domesticated animals.
Giles, J.R. 1975 The ecology of the feral pigs in New South Wales - a preliminary report. Aust.Mammal. 1:396-7.
Giuffra, E., J.M.H.Kijas, V.Amarger, O.Carlborg, J-T.Jeon & L.Andersson. 2000. The origin of the domestic pig: independent domestication and subsequent introgression. Genetics, 154:1785-1791.
*Groves, C.P. 1982 Ancestors for the pigs: taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Sus. Technical Bull.No. 3, Dept.Prehist., RSPacS, ANU.
Groves, C.P. 1983 Pigs east of the Wallace Line. J.Soc.Océanistes, 39:105-119.
Groves, C.P. 1985 On the agriotypes of domestic cattle and pigs in the Indo-Pacific regions. In V.N. Misra and P. Bellwood (eds.), Recent Advances in Indo-Pacific Prehistory 429-438.
Intoh, M. 1986 Pigs in Micronesia: introduction or re-introduction by the Europeans? Man and Culture in Oceania 2:1-26.
Kim, K-I., J-H.Lee, K.Li, Y-P.Zhang, S-S.Lee, J.Gongora & C.Moran. 2002 Phylogenetic relationships of Asian and European pig breeds determined by mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence polymorphism. Animal Genetics 33:19-25.
Olsen, S.J. & J.W.Olsen. 1980 Suid domestication in China - a critical evaluation of the data. Vert.Palas. 18:169-75.
Popescu, C.P., J.Boscher & G.L.Malynicz. 1989 Chromosome R-banding patterns and NOR-homologies in the European wild pig and four breeds of domestic pig. Ann.Genet. 32:136-140.
Rappaport, R. 1968 Pigs for the ancestors.
Ruvinsky, A. & M.F.Rothschild. 1998. Systematics and evolution of the pig. In M.F.Rothschild & A.Ruvinsky (eds.), The Genetics of the Pig, 1-16.


CAMEL

Gauthier-Pilters, H. & A.J.Dagg. 1981 The Camel.
Ghosh, M. 1976 Record of the prehistoric remains of two-humped Asiatic camel (Camelus bactrianus Linn.) from Kausambi, UP, India. Sci.and Cult.42:161-2.
Mason, I.L. Camels. In Mason (ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals.
Schmidt-Neilsen, K. 1959 The physiology of the camel. Sci.Amer. 201:140-151.
Zarins, J. 1989 Pastoralism in Southwest Asia: the second millenium BC. In Clutton-Brock (ed.), The Walking Larder, pp.127-155.


SOUTH AMERICAN CAMELIDS

Brotherston, G. 1989 Andean pastoralism and Inca ideology. In Clutton-Brock (ed.), The Walking Larder, pp.240-55.
Browman, D.L. 1989 Origins and development of Andean pastoralism: an overview of the past 6000 years. In Clutton-Brock (ed.), The Walking Larder, pp.256-68.
Calle Escobar, R. 1984 Animal breeding and production of American Camelids.
Flannery, K.V., J.Marcus & R.G.Reynolds. 1989 The Flocks of the Wamani.
Flowers, N. 1969 The royal fleece of the Andes. Natural History 78:36-43.
Hesse, B. 1986 Buffer resources and animal domestication in prehistoric northern Chile. Archaeozoologia, Melanges, 73-85.
McGreevy, T. 1989 Prehispanic pastoralism in northern Peru. In Clutton-Brock (ed.), The Walking Larder, pp.231-9.
Novoa, C. & J.Wheeler. 1984 Llama and Alpaca. In Mason (ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals.
Semorile, L.C., J.V.Crisci & L.Vidal-Rioja. 1994. Restriction site patterns in the ribosomal DNA of Camelidae. Genetica, 92:115-122.
Stahl, P.W. & P.Norton. 1987 Precolumbian animal domesticates from Salango, Ecuador. Amer.Antiq. 52:382-91.
Stanley, H.F., M.Kadwell & J.C.Wheeler. 1994 Molecular evolution of the family Camelidae: a mitochondrial DNA study. Proc.roy.Soc.Lond.B, 256:1-6.
Vidal-Rioja, L., A.Zambelli & L.Semorile. 1994. An assessment of the relationships among species of Camelidae by satellite DNA comparisons. Hereditas, 121:283-290.
Wheeler, J.C. 1998 Evolution and Origin of the Domestic Camelids. The Alpaca Registry Journal, 3, no.1. http://www.alpacaregistry.net/journal/win98j-11.html
Wheeler, J.C., A.J.F.Russell & H.F.Stanley. 1992 A measure of loss: prehispanic llama and alpaca breeds. Arch.Zootec.41:467-75.


SHEEP

Bunch, T.D. 1978 Fundamental karyotype in domestic and wild species of sheep. J.Hered. 69:77-80.
*Bunch, T.D., T.C.Nguyen and J.J.Lauvergne. 1978 Hemoglobins of the Corsico-Sardinian mouflon (Ovis musimon) and their implications for the origin of HbA in domestic sheep (Ovis aries). Ann.Genet.Sel.Anim. 10:503-6.
Clutton-Brock, J. & H-P.Uerpmann. 1974 The sheep of early Jericho. J.Archaeol.Sci. 1:261-274.
Davis, S.J.M. 1982 Climatic change and the advent of domestication: the succession of ruminant artiodactyls in the late Pleistocene-Holocene in the Israel region. Paleorient 8:5-15.
Grine, F.E., G.Fosse, D.W.Krause & W.L.Jungers. 1986 Analysis of enamel ultrastructure in archaeology: the identification of Ovis aries and Capra hircus dental remains. J.Archaeol.Sci. 13:579-595.
Grubb, P. & P.A.Jewell. 1966 Social grouping and home range in feral Soay sheep. Symp.Zool.Soc.Lond. 18:179-210.
Hatting, T. 1975 The influence of castration on sheep horns. In A.T. Clason (ed.), Archaeozoological Studies 345-51.
Hiendleder, S., B.Kaupe, R.Wassmuth & A.Janke. 2002 Molecular analysis of wild and domestic sheep questions current nomenclature and provides evidence for domestication from two different subspecies. Proc.R.Soc.Lond.B 269:893-904.
Jewell, P.A., C.Milner & J.Morton Boyd. 1974 Island Survivors.
Ponting, K. 1980 Sheep of the World.
Reed, C.A. & W.A.Schaffer. 1972 How to tell the sheep from the goats. Field Mus.N.H.Bull. 43:2-7.
Ryder, M.L. 1969 Changes in the fleece of sheep following domestication. In Ucko and Dimbleby, eds., The domestication and exploitation of plants and animals, 495-521.
Ryder, M.L. 1981 Wools from Vindolanda. J.Archaeol.Sci. 8:99-103.
Ryder, M.L. 1984 Sheep. In Mason (ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals.
Schaller, G.B. 1976 Mountain Monarchs. (on wild sheep and goats.)
Schwartz, J.H. 1973 The paleozoology of Cyprus: a preliminary report on recently analyzed sites. World Archaeol. 5:215-220.
Uerpmann, H-P. 1978 Metrical analysis of faunal remains from the Middle East. In R.H.Meadow & M.A.Zeder (eds.), Approaches to Faunal Analysis in the Middle East, 41-5.


GOAT

Grine, F.E., G.Fosse, D.W.Krause & W.L.Jungers. 1986 Analysis of enamel ultrastructure in archaeology: the identification of Ovis aries and Capra hircus dental remains. J.Archaeol.Sci. 13:579-595.
Luikart, G., L.Gielly, L.Excoffier, J-D.Vigne, J.Bouvet & P.Taberlet. 2001 Multiple maternal origins and weak phylogeographic structure in domestic goats. PNAS 98:5927-5932.
Mason, I.L. 1984 Goat. In Mason (ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals.
*Quartermain, A.R. 1975 Aspects of the biological efficiency of the Zambian goat. In R.L. Reid (ed.), Proc.3rd World Conf.on Animal Prod. 102-6.
Reed, C.A. & W.A.Schaffer. 1972 How to tell the sheep from the goats. Field Mus.N.H.Bull. 43:2-7.
Schaller, G.B. 1976 Mountain Monarchs. (on wild sheep and goats.)
Wasse, A. 2001 The wild goats of Lebanon: evidence for early domestication? Levant 33:21-33.
Zeder, M.A., and B. Hesse. 2000 The initial domestication of goats (Capra hircus) in the Zagros mountains 10,000
years ago. Science, 287:2254.
Zeder, M.A. 2001 A metrical analysis of a collection of modern goats (Capra hircus aegagrus and C.h.hircus) from Iran and Iraq: implications for the study of caprine domestication. J.Archaeol.Sci. 28:61-79.
Zeuner, F.E. 1955 The goats of early Jericho. Palestine Explor.Quart. 1955:70-86.


CATTLE

Armitage, P.L. & J.Clutton-Brock. 1976 A system for classification and description of the horn cores of cattle from archaeological sites. J.Archaeol.Sci. 3:329-48.
Bradley, D.G., R.T.Loftus, P.Cunnigham & D.E.MacHugh. 1998. Genetics and domestic cattle origins. Evol.Anthrop. 6:79-86.
*Baker, C.M.A & C.Manwell. 1980 Chemical classification of cattle. 1. Breed Groups. 2. Phylogenetic tree and specific status of zebu. Anim.Blood Groups Biochem.Genet. 11:127-162.
Bradley, D.G., R.T.Loftus, P.Cunnigham & D.E.MacHugh. 1998. Genetics and domestic cattle origins. Evol.Anthrop. 6:79-86.
Cunningham, E.P. 1989 The genetic improvement of cattle in developing countries. Theriogenology 31:17-28.
Epstein, H. & J.L.Mason. 1984 Cattle. In Mason (ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals.
Friend, J. and Bishop, D. 1978 Cattle of the World.
Galaty, J.G. 1989 Cattle and cognition: aspects of Maasai practical reasoning. In Clutton-Brock (ed.), The Walking Larder, pp.215-230.
Gautier, A. 1987 Prehistoric men and cattle in North Africa: a dearth of data and a surfeit of models. In A.E.Close (ed.), Arid North Africa: Essays in Honor of Fred Wendorf, 163-187.
Grigson, C. 1969 The uses and limitations of differences in absolute size in the distinction between the bones of aurochs (Bos primigenius) and domestic cattle (Bos taurus). In Ucko and Dimbleby, eds., The domestication and exploitation of plants and animals.
Grigson, C. 1985 Bos indicus and Bos namadicus and the problem of autochthonous domestication in India. In V.N. Misra and P. Bellwood, Recent Advances in Indo-Pacific Prehistory 425-8.
Grigson, C. 1989 Size and sex: evidence for the domestication of cattle in the Near East. Pp 77-109 in A.Milles, D.Williams & N.Gardner, eds., The Beginnings of Argiculture.
Hall, S.J.G. & J.G.Hall. 1988 Inbreeding and population dynamics of the Chillingham cattle. J.Zool.Lond. 216:479-93.
Hanotte, O., D.G.Bradley, J.W.Ochieng, Y.Verjee, E.W.Hill & J.E.O.Rege. 2002 African pastoralism: genetic imprints of origins and migrations. Science 296:336-339.
Janacek, L.L., R.L.Honeycutt, R.M.Adkins & S.K.Davis. 1996. Mitochondrial gene sequences and the molecular systematics of the artiodactyl subfamily Bovinae. Mol.Phyl.Evol., 6:107-119.
Lasota-Mokalewska, A. & H.Kobryn. 1990. The size of aurochs skeletons from Europe and Asia in the period from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages. Acta Theriol. 35:89-109.
Loftus, R.T., McHugh, D.E., Bradley, D.G., Sharp, P.M. & Cunningham, P. 1994. Evidence for two independent domestications of cattle. PNAS, 91:2757-61.
MacHugh, D.E., R.T.Loftus, D.G.Bradley, P.M.Sharp & P.Cunningham. 1994 Microsatellite DNA variation within and among European cattle breeds. Proc.roy.Soc.Lond., B 256:25-31.
Mourant, A.E. and Zeuner, F.E. 1963 Man and Cattle.
Naik, S.N. 1978 Origin and domestication of Zebu cattle. J.Hum.Evol. 7:23-30.
Ryder, M.L. 1980 Hair remains throw light on early British prehistoric cattle. J.Archaeol.Sci. 7:389-92.
Simoons, F.J. 1979 Dairying, milk use and lactose malabsorption in Eurasia: a problem in culture history. Anthropos 74:61-80.
Troy, C.S., D.E.MacHugh, J.F.Bailey, D.A.Magee, R.T.Loftus, P.Cunningham, A.T.Chamberlain, B.C.Sykes & D.G. Bradley. 2001 Genetic evidence for Near-Eastern origins of European cattle, Nature 410:1088-1091.
Vaidyanathan, A., K.M.Nair and M.Harris 1982 Bovine sex and species ratios in India. Current Anthrop.23:365-383.
Whitehead, G.K. 1958 The ancient wild white cattle of Britain.


YAK, BANTENG, MITHAN, KOUPREY

Bonnemaire, J. 1984 Yak. In Mason (ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals.
Groves, C.P. 1985 On the agriotypes of domestic cattle and pigs in the Indo-Pacific region. In V.N. Misra and P. Bellwood (ed.) Recent Advances in Indo-Pacific Prehistory 429-438.
Higham, C.F.W. & B.F.Leach. 1971 An early center of Bovine Husbandry in Southeast Asia. Science 172:54-6.
Higham, C.F.W. & A.Kijngam. 1985 New evidence for agriculture and stock-raising in monsoonal Southeast Asia. In V.N. Misra and P. Bellwood (ed.) Recent Advances in Indo-Pacific Prehistory 419-424.
Hoffmann, R.S. 1986 A new locality record for the kouprey from Vietnam, and an archaeological record from China. Mammalia 50:391-5.
Rollinson, D.H.L. 1984 Bali cattle. In Mason (ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals.
Simoons, F.J. 1968 A ceremonial ox of India.
Simoons, F.J. 1984 Gayal or Mithan. In Mason (ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals.
*Wharton, C.H. 1966 Man, fire and wild cattle in North Cambodia. Proc.5th Ann.Tall Timbers Fire Ecol.Conf. 23-65.
*Wharton, C.H. 1968 Man, fire and wild cattle in Southeast Asia. Proc.7th Ann.Tall Timbers Fire Ecol.Conf. 107-67.


BUFFALO

Barker, J.S.F., S.G.Tan, O.S. Selvaraj & T.K.Mukherjee. 1997. Genetic variation with a relationships among populations of Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Animal Genetics 28:1-13.
Barker, J.S.F., S.S.Moore, D.J.S.Hetzel, D.Evans, S.G.Tan & K.Byrne. 1997. Genetic diversity of Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): microsatellite variation and a comparison with protein-coding loci. Animal Genetics 28:104-115.
Bongso, T.A. 1977 The karyotype of the indigenous buffalo of Sri Lanka. Ceylon Vet.J. 25:9-11.
Cockrill, W.R. 1967 The Water Buffalo. Sci.Amer. 217:118-25.
Cockrill, W.R. (ed.) 1974 The husbandry and health of the domestic buffalo.
Cockrill, W.R. 1984 Water buffalo. In Mason (ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals.
Lau, C.H., R.D.Drinkwater, K.Yusoff, S.G.Tan, D.j.S.Hetzel & J.S.F.Barker. 1998. Genetic diversity of Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): mitochondrial DNA D-loop and cytochrome B sequence variation. Animal Genetics 29:253-264.
Moore S.S., D.Evans, K.Byrne, J.S.Barker, S.G.Tan, D.Vankan & D.J.Hetzel. 1995 A set of polymorphic DNA microsatellites useful in swamp and river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Anim.Genet. 26:355-359.


REINDEER

Aikio, P. 1989 The changing role of reindeer in the life of the Sami. In Clutton-Brock (ed.) The Walking Larder, pp.169-184.
Ingold, T. 1980 Hunters, pastoralists and ranchers: reindeer economics and their transformation.
Skjenneberg, S. 1984 Reindeer. In Mason (ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals.
White, R. 1989 Husbandry and herd control in the Upper Palaeolithic: a critical review of the evidence. Curr.Anthrop. 30:609-32.


NON-MAMMALIAN DOMESTICATES

Ball, S.C. 1933 Jungle Fowls from the Pacific Islands. Bull.Bernice P.Bishop Museum, Hawaii, 108.
Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University. 2000. Poultry Breeds. http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/poultry/
Evans, J.E. 1969 The exploitation of molluscs. In Ucko and Dimbleby, eds., The domestication and exploitation of plants and animals, 479-84.
Fumihito, A., T.Miyake, S.Sumi, M.Takada, S.Ohno & N.Kondo. 1994. One subspecies of the Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus gallus) suffices as the matriarchic ancestor of all domestic breeds. PNAS, 91:12505-12509.
Langdon, R. 1989 When the blue-egg chickens come home to roost. J.Pacific Hist. 24:164-92.
West, B. & Zhou B-X. 1988 Did chickens go north? New evidence for domestication. J.Archaeol.Sci. 15:515-33.
(see also sections 42-69 in Mason [ed.] Evolution of domesticated animals.)


COMMENSALS AND FERALS

*Agrawal, V.C. 1974 Indian rodents - their economic importance, identity and distribution. Plant.Prot.Bull. 26-30:1-12.
Ballenger, E. 1996 Mus musculus, House Mouse. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/mus/m._musculus$narrative.html
Canby, T.Y. 1977 The rat, lapdog of the devil. Nat.Geogr.152:60-87.
Dobson, M. 1998 Mammal distribution in the western Mediterranean: the role of human intervention. Mammal Review 28:77-88.
Groves, C.P. 1984 Which little piggy went to market, and who had roast venison; or, Of mice and men in the Indo-Australian archipelago. Canberra Anthropology 7, No. 1.
*Loosjes, F.E. 1956 Is the Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus) responsible for the disappearance of plague from western Europe? Docum.Med.Geogr.Trop. 8:175-8.
Nowak, R.M. 1995 Walker’s Mammals of the World Online, Genus RATTUS Fischer, 1803, Rats. http://www.press.jhu.edu/books/walker/rodentia.muridae.rattus.html
Rolls, E. 1969 They all ran wild.
Taylor, J., L.Freedman, T.J.Olivier & J.McCluskey. 1977 Morphometric distances between Australian wild rabbit populations. Aust.J.Zool.25:721-732.
Thomson, H.V. & A.N.Worden. 1956 The Rabbit.


OTHER SPECIES AND NEW DOMESTICATES

Asibey, E.O.A. & P.G.Addo, P.G. ?2000. The Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) – A promising animal for meat production in Ghana. http://www.cdr.dk/sscafrica/as&ad-gh.htm
Belyaev, D.K. 1984 Foxes. In Mason (ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals.
*Emmons, L.H. 1987 Ecological considerations on the farming of game animals: capybaras yes, pacas no. Vida Silvestre Neotropical, Notas, 54-5.
Fletcher, T.J. 1984 Other deer. In Mason (ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals.
Forstadt, M.S. ?2000. History of the Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) in South America. http://cavyhistory.tripod.com/
Gunn, A. 1984 Musk ox. In Mason (ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals.
Hamilton, W.J. 1987 Farming Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) - some aspects of research and development in Scotland and their implications for the management of the deer and the pastoral resources. In C.M.Wemmer (ed.), Biology and Management of the Cervidae, 461-466.
Jewell, P.A. 1969 Wild mammals and their potential for new domestication. In Ucko and Dimbleby, eds., The domestication and exploitation of plants and animals, 101-112.
Kelly, R.W., P.Fennessy, G.H.Moore, K.R.Drew & A.R.Bray. 1987 Management, nutrition, and reproductive performance of farmed deer in New Zealand. In C.M.Wemmer (ed.), Biology and Management of the Cervidae, 450-460.
Künzl, C. & N.Sachser. 1999 The behavioural endocrinology of domestication: a comparison between the domestic guinea pig and its wild ancestor, the cavy. Hormones & Behavior 35:28-37.
*Price, M.S. 1976 Feeding Studies of Oryx on the Galana Ranch. African Wildlife Leadership Foundation News 11, 3:7-11.
Robinson, R. 1984 Rabbit. In Mason (ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals.
Taylor, C.R. 1969 The Eland and the Oryx. Sci.Amer. 220:89-95.
Tewe, O.O., S.S.Ajayi & E.O.Faturoti. 1984 Giant rat and cane rat. In Mason (ed.) Evolution of domesticated animals.
Treus, V. & D.Kravchenko. 1968 Methods of rearing and economic utilization of eland in the Askaniya-Nova zoological park. Symp.Zool.Soc.Lond. 21:395-411.
Wildlife farming and domestication. ?2000. http://www.fao.org/docrep/W7540E/w7540e0h.htm
Wildlife ranching. ?2000. http://www.fao.org/docrep/W7540E/w7540e0g.htm
Wilkinson, P.F. 1975 The relevance of musk-ox exploitation to the study of prehistoric animal economies. In E.S. Higgs (ed.), Palaeoeconomy.


RARE BREEDS

*Alderson, L. 1978 The chance to survive: rare breeds in a changing world.
Wallis, D. 1986 The Rare Breeds Handbook.
Whitlock, R. 1980 Rare Breeds.


REGIONAL


Middle East
Clutton-Brock, J. 1978 Early domestication and the ungulate fauna of the Levant during the Pre-pottery Neolithic. In W.C. Brice, (ed.) Environment and History of the Near and Middle East since the last Ice Age 16:246-4.
Davis, S.J.M. 1982 Climatic change and the advent of domestication: the succession of ruminant autiodactyls in the late Pleistocene - Holocene in the Israel region. Paleorient 8:5-15.
Perkins, D. 1964 Prehistoric fauna from Shanidar, Iraq. Science 144:1565-6.
Postgate, J.N. 1975 Some old Babylonian shepherds and their flocks. J.Semit.Stud. 20:1-21.

East and Southeast Asia
Bellwood, P.S. 1976 Prehistoric plant and animal domestication in Austronesia. In G.de G.Sieveking, I.H.Longworth & E.D.Wilson, (eds.) Problems in economic and social archaeology 153-68.
*Epstein, H. 1969 Domestic animals of China.
*Little known Asian Animals with a promising economic future. National Academy, Washington, D.C.

South Asia
*Epstein, H. 1977 Domestic animals of Nepal.
Ganjoo, R.K. 1988 Early animal domestication in India - facts and queries. Bull.IPPA, 8:37-46.
Gautier, A. 1984 Quaternary mammals and archaeology of Egypt and the Sudan: a survey. In Origin and Development of Food-producing cultures in North-eastern Africa .
Meadow, R.H. 1982 From hunting to herding in prehistoric Baluchistan. In S. Passner and L. Flam, (ed.) Anthropology in Pakistan 145-153.
Meadow, R.H. 1989 Osteological evidence for the process of animal domestication. In Clutton-Brock (ed.) The Walking Larder, pp.80-90.
Thomas, P.K. 1989 Utilization of domestic animals in pre- and protohistoric India. In Clutton-Brock (ed.) The Walking Larder, pp.108-112.

Europe
Groves, C.P. 1988 Feral Mammals of the Mediterranean Islands: documents of early domestication. In J. Clutton-Brock, (ed.) The Walking Larder.
Higham, C. 1968 Size trends in prehistoric European domestic fauna and the problem of local domestication. Acta zool.Fennica 120:1-21.
Payne, S. 1985 Zoo-Archaeology in Greece: a reader's guide. In N.C. Wilkie and W.D.E. Coulson, (eds.) Contributions to Aegean Archaeology 211-244.


Africa
Gautier, A. 1984 Quaternary mammals and archaeology of Egypt and the Sudan: a survey. In Origin and Development of Food-producing cultures in North-eastern Africa.
Vinnicombe, P. 1977 People of the Eland. (Ethnozoology in a non-pastoral context)

The Americas
Hesse, B. 1986 Buffer resources and animal domestication in prehistoric northern Chile. Archaeozool., Melanges 73-85.
Stahl, P.W & P.Norton. 1987 Precolumbian animal domesticates from Salango, Ecuador. Amer.Antiq. 52:382-391.
Wheeler-Pires-Ferreira, J., E.Pires-Ferreira & P.Kaulicke. 1976 Preceramic animal utilization in the Central Peruvian Andes. Science 194:483-90.